发布网友 发布时间:2022-04-23 23:21
共2个回答
热心网友 时间:2022-04-28 02:49
定义 演讲又叫讲演或演说,是指在公众场所,以有声语言为主要手段,以体态语言为辅助手段,针对某个具体问题,鲜明、完整地发表自己的见解和主张,阐明事理或抒发情感,进行宣传鼓动的一种语言交际活动。
做好演讲提纲是关键的一步:演讲的题目,逐渐深化的论点、论据,结论和提议都是纲要的环节。 要想演讲吸引听众、起到煽动听众情绪、让人进入演讲人的时态就要: 1.尽量使用听众觉得与众不同的词语,如古诗、名句、名言或者网络、社会、切中时代利弊的新词; 2.尽量使用排比句和循环句,可以得到事半功倍的效果; 3.尽量使用首尾呼应的方法,突出重点,推出效果; 4.整个演讲要讲究思维的逻辑性,由浅入深、有条有理的把论点论据讲明白; 5.事先要进行准备,包括背诵;不带稿纸的演讲要比带上草稿的效果高明的多; 6.内心要有一个预案,考虑可能演讲中听众可能有的异议、提问,万一一时回答不了的也可以用“没听明白,请再讲一遍好吗?”延长自己思考回复的时间;也可以用一些托词(时间问题,不便于在此回答,下面面议等),立即回绝。
热心网友 时间:2022-04-28 04:07
演讲的四个目标
l 提供信息
To offer information;
l 使听众感到乐趣
To entertain the audience;
l 动之以情
To touch emotions;
l 使听众行动起来
To move to action;
演讲切忌
1. 语速太快; Talking too rapidly;
2. 声音单调; Speaking in monotone;
3. 声音尖细; Using too high a vocal pitch;
4. 谈得太多,说得太少;
Talking and not saying much;
5. 感情不充分;
Presenting without enough emotion or passion;
6. 对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;
Talking down to the audience;
7. 夸张的词语使用得太多;
Using too many "big" words;
8. 使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明;
Using abstractions without giving concrete examples
9. 使用别人不熟悉的技术术语;
Using unfamiliar technical jargon;
10. 使用俚语或粗俗语;
Using slang or profanity;
11. 演讲无组织,散乱无序;
Disorganized and rambling performance;
12. 说话绕弯子,不切中主题
Indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush;
怎样与听众交流
l 要有值得交流的观点;
A message worth communicating;
l 引起听众的注意:抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任;
Gain the listeners' attention: capture their interest and build their trust;
l 重视理解;
Emphasize understanding;
l 获得反馈;
Obtain their feedback;
l 注意声调,要有感情;
Watch your emotional tone;
l 说服听众;
Persuade the audience;
怎样变得自信
l 微笑并看着观众
Smile and glance at the audience;
l 开始发言时要慢一点,身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态
Start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;
l 开场白说一些真诚话
Open your speech by saying something very frankly;
l 穿上自己最好的衣服
Wear your very best clothes;
l 对自己说一些积极的话
Say something positive to / about yourself
怎样组织演讲
l 要有一个结构:可以分一二三点;可以从地理上分东南西北;比较与对比;我方与他方;正面与反面;
To have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;
l 将材料归类整理,如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据
To label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;
l 使用卡片;
To use note cards;
怎样使用卡片
l 在卡片的右上角标上数字;
Number your cards on the top right;
l 在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子;
l Write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;
l 其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词;
l Write up to five key words on other cards;
l 用颜色来标记你想强调的词;
l Use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;
l 在某一处提醒自己查看时间。
l Remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.
演讲指南
l 预先计划好
Plan well in advance.
l 保证自己充分了解在活动中的角色
Make sure you fully understand your role in the program.
l 认真地构思演讲,使其结构符合逻辑
Devote care to structuring your speech logically.
l 认真设定适当的基调
Devote care to setting the proper tone.
如何开头
l 讲个(自己的)故事
To tell a story (about yourself).
l 对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢
To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering.
l 称赞一下听众
To pay the listeners a compliment.
l 引用名人名言
To quote
l 使用一些不平常的数据
To use unusual statistics.
l 问观众一个挑战性的问题
To ask the audience a challenging question;
l 播放录像带或看幻灯片
To show a video or a slide.
如何结尾
l 重复你的开头
To repeat your opening.
l 概括你的演讲
To summarize your presentation.
l 以趣事结尾
To close with an anecdote.
l 以号召行动结尾
To end with a call to action.
l 以反问结尾
To ask a rhetorical question.
l 以一个陈述句结尾
To make a statement.
l 展示演讲大纲
To show an outline of your presentation.
眼神交流
l 眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人,在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间;
Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;
l 眼睛直视听众,或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴
Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;
l 找到那些看起来比较友善的听众,逐次朝他们微笑;然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众,也逐渐朝他们微笑;
Look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;
l 如果你感到紧张,不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。
Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.
紧张的典型特征
l 手放在口袋里
Hands in pockets
l 眨眼次数过多
Increased blinking of the eyes ;
l 害怕眼神的接触
Failure to make eye contact;
l *嘴唇和抿嘴唇
Licking and biting of the lips ;
l 敲叩手指
Finger tapping ;
l 手势又急又快
Fast, jerky gestures
如何使用手势
l 手可以指点着假想的物体,不要用食指指着别人;
Point at imaginary objects and don't point at others with your index finger;
l 尺寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示
Size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands;
l 手抬起并与头成四十五度角,优雅地用手势表示出数字
Gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head;
l 如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小,将两手伸向前方,尽量分开,并上下移动。
To emphasize physical size such as length, width, hold your hands out in front you widely apart to move them up and down.