举现象
单举：For example / For instance / a case in point / take an example for 多举：1. For example……next to……further more……
2. For example……and……also……even…… 3. For example……besides……
论影响：The inspect / effect / influence （harm）of rumor has become more them
obvious at that moment . For one thing……for another thing……
Recently the phenomenon has 引起了关注 / …… become a hot topic among people recently / Nowadays,…has become a problem we face.
解决问题：The key factor to solve this problem is …… / There is no immediate
solution to the issue of ……, but ……might be helpful.
正文：
第一段：引出话题
burning question facingnationOne of the biggest problem confrontingourtoday is .biggest headaches troublingsociety1) influenceddrawsattentionAs it has seriously, itpublic.threatenedarousedconcern 当前我国/我们社会所面临的最棘手的问题是……。由于它已经严重影响了……，
所以也引起了公众的关注。
10 percent ofless than showsRecently, an official reportthatmore than one-quartersindicatesone out of four（as against/compared with/since 1990）.2) phenomenonTheproblemarousedpublic concernof hasdrawngeneral attention.college graduatesteenagersTV viewers 最近有一项官方报告表明，有至少百分之十/超过四分之一/四分之一的大学毕业生/年轻人/看电视的人……（和1990年相比）。……现象已经引起了公众的关注。 3) Nowadays, …… has become a problem we have to face. 如今……已经成为我们必须面临的问题。
4) Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem …… . 现在越来越多的人开始关注……的问题。
5) Once in a newspaper, I hit upon/came across a report that ……. 我曾经在报纸上看到一篇关于……的报道。
6) Recently, the issue/problem/question of …… has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among public attention. 最近……问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。 7) In recently years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/troubled with the
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serous problem of ……. 在最近几年里，很多城市/国家/人已经面临……问题/受到……的干扰。 8) Nowadays, more and more people come to realize/be aware of the importance of ……. 越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。
9) It undeniable/There is no denying the fact that …… has become the utmost concern among people nowadays. 不可否认，……已经成为人们最关注的问题。
10) Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of …… has drawn/aroused/captured world wide attention. 最近……现在日益增多已经引起了全世界的注意。
第二段：细节论证 1. 分析原因
factorsA number offactorscountribute tocommon couldthe problem. One of the mostSeveralcauseslead toprimary causesimportantfactoris that.Anotheris that.contributingcausei.
ii.
givencitedconvincingAmong the mostresonsimportantofferedidentified
stressedby people for ..., one should beemphasizedmentioned... 在人们所提出的对……最重要/有说服力的原因当中，有一点值得强调……。
iii.
regardsee One mayviewthink of
trendtheincreasephenomenonsign ofresult ofas a toresponsereaction to
这个趋势/增长/现象应当被看成是……的一种象征/结果。
iv.
increasechangeThefailuresuccess
mainlyin...largelypartlydue toresults from/isowing toarises fromattributable to..the fact that.several factors……的增长/改变/失败/成功的主要/部分原因是这样的……。
v.
blameWe maycriticize
causes...for ..., but therootsproblemfor thephenomenongo far deeper.我们应当在……方面批评……，但这个问题的产生是有更深层次的原因的。
.
.
vi.
manydramaticdifferentmarkedcausesThere areseveralfor thisreasonssignificanta number of
extraordinarya variety ofgrowth/change/decline/increase in ...First...Second...Finally...
产生这个显著/非凡增长/变化/下降的原因有很多。一、……
vii.
conspire towardschangeaccount increasefornumbercontribute todecreaseA couldof factorsthemultitudelead tosuccessresult infailureinfluencedevelopment
导致该变化/上升/下降/成功/失败/发展的因素有很多。
in...viii.
contributingfactorAnotherof...is...
contributorycause
产生……的另一个因素是……。
ix.
playing a partAlsocontributing to this
另一个因素是……。
is ...
x.
areWhydodid
primaryFor one thing,For another,...?......Perhaps themainOne reason isAnother ismost importantreason is...为什么……？首先……。其次……。也许最重要/首要的原因是……。
xi.
alsopartly...ismainlysolelychiefly
riseresponsible for theincreasein... decrease
……是导致……增长/下降的另一个/部分/主要/唯一的原因。
xii.
variedmanyreasonsThefor...arecausecomplicatedprofound
maybeandperhapsprobablylietheyin the fact...are found产生……的原因是众多的，也许它们存在于这样的事实……之中。
.
.
xiii.
reasonWe may look into every possiblecause
leading real one. Theunderlyingexcept therootreasoncause ifor...我们可能百密一疏，产生……的根本原因是……。
xiv.
easytaskfindIt is nototothe reason for thissimplejobgivecomplicatedphenomenonseveralwhich involvesdeep-seatedtendencymanyfactors.
产生这个复杂现象/趋势的因素是多样的，要把它们找出来不是一件容易的事情。
2. 后果
i.
considerabledrasticcausemarkedIt mayproduceabing aboutsweepingfavorableundesirable
它将导致……的巨大变化/增长。
changerisein...
ii.
give rise tolead toIt maybringcreate
hostasetof problems.
它将产生一系列问题。
iii.
deepprofoundfar-reachingexerthaveremarkableIt willaconsiderableexercisebeneficialproducefavorableundesirabledisastrous
effect on.... influence ones. consequenc
它将对……产生深远的/巨大的/有益的/灾难性的影响
iv.
bringThis willentailinvolve
serioussomedreadfulpernicious
这会导致一些严重的/致命的后果。
.
.
第三段：提出解决方案
1. People have found many solutions/approaches to dealing with this problem.
人们已经找到了许多解决这个问题的办法。 2. We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.
我们可以想出很多办法来缓解目前的危机。
3. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be
of some help. 那么，如何来解决这个问题呢？这里有些建议可能会有帮助。
4. Faced with, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.
面对……，我们应该采取一系列的措施来应付目前的形势。
5. It is high time that ……. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that
might be taken immediately. 是……的时候了。这里有几个可以马上付诸实施的措施。 6. It is
essential proper actionssituation reverse thisthatshould be taken to.importanteffective measurestrend为了扭转局势，我们必要采取有效的措施。
7. There is no
easysolutionbeneficialto the issue of , but might beimmediateapproachhelpful.并没有很容易的方法来解决这个问题，……有可能会有帮助。
8. It is
hopedsuggestedconsiderablethatgreatdirected to efforts should be.
onfocused（大家）建议我们全力以赴……。
起承转合 1. 起：now，nowadays，at present，first，firstly，first of all，in the first place，in recent
years，recently，It goes without saying that
2. 承：second，secondly，then，besides，indeed，still，third，thirdly，moreover，
furthermore，certainly，obviously，truly，especially，particularly，in addition，what is more，what is worse，for example，for instance，in fact，in other words，at the same time 3. 转：however，nevertheless，otherwise，yet，but，or，whereas，in spite of，instead，
on the other hand，in contrast，on the contrary，conversely 4. 合：therefore，thus，hence，in short，in brief，in a word，in conclusion，as a result，
as a consequence，consequently，above all，at last，finally，eventually，after all，to sum up，in general，generally speaking，on the whole，as has been noted，as I have said
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious．
.
.
4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．． 2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us． 3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life． 5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with． 6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world's communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education． 7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）However，that's not the case． 8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them． 9．表示数量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January． 10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question．
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4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．． 11．表示结论
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．． 12．套语
1）It's well known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．． 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．
第一段
（一）现状说明
1．When asked about…，most people believe that…，but other people consider it differently．
当谈论到……的时候，大多数人认为……但其他人看法不同。
2．When it comes to…，people’s opinions differ．Some hold the opinion that…，while others claim that．．．
当谈论到……的时候，人们的观点不同。有些人认为……而其他人认为……
3．There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role of…Some people claim that…，while others believe that．．．
人们对于……的作用没有一致意见。有些人认为……而其他人认为…… 4．There is a general discussion today about the issue of．．．Those who criticize…argue that．．．They believe that….But people who advocate．．．，on the other hand, argue that…
现在关于……的问题有广泛的讨论。那些反对……的人认为……他们认为……但另一方面，那些支持……的人认为……
5．Most are of the opinion that (most are against the opinion that)…But I personally believe that…
大多数人赞成……但我个人认为……
6．Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that．．． 现在越来越多的人开始认识到……
7．Now，it is generally acknowledged that…，but I doubt whether… 现在，公认……但我怀疑是否……
(二)图表描述
1．In 1990，it increased／decreased from…to… 1990年，从……增加/下降到……
2．By comparison with 1998，it increased／decreased by… 和1998年相比，它增加/下降了……
3· The figure has nearly doubled, compared with that of last year
和去年相比，数据几乎翻倍。
4．It has increased／decreased almost three times，compared with… 和……相比，它几乎增加厂下降了三倍。
.
.
5．The number is twice as much as that of l990．
数字是1990年的两倍。 6．It accounts for．．．percent of the total．
它占总数的百分之……
7．The number was…less／more than a half／third／quarter of the 1990 total 数字是……，少于／多于1990年总数的二／三／四分之一。
第二段
(一)原因列举
1．The phenomenon／change in…mainly results／arises from the fact that…
……方面的现象／变化主要源于……的事实。
2．One may regard the phenomenon as a sign of／response to．．．
人们可能把这个现象当作……的一种表示／反应。
3．There ale many causes/reasons for the dramatic growth／decrease．Firstly，．．．Secondly，…Finally，．．．
这种急剧的增长厂F降有很多原因。首先，……其次，……最后，…… 4．A number of factors can account for the change in．．．
有很多原因可以解释……方面的变化。 5．Another contributory factor of．．．is．．．
另一个起作用的因素是…… 6．Why ale／do／did…?For one thing…．For another，…Perhaps the primary reason is．．．
为什么……首先，……其次，……也许最主要的原因是…… 7．．．．is also responsible for the rise／decrease in．．．
……也是造成……增加／下降的原因。
(二)观点陈述
1．The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B．
A的优点超过我们从B当中获得的任何优点。 ’
2．Good as A is，it has its own disadvantages．For one thing，it…；for another，it…
尽管A很好，但它也有自己的缺点。首先；它……；其次，它……
3．Although A has enormous／substantial／considerable advantage over B，it cannot compete with B in．．．
尽管与B相比，A有很大的优势，但在……方面，它无法与B媲美。
4．A’s advantage sounds ridiculous／means nothing when B’s advantage are considered．
当我们考虑B的优点时，A的优点听起来很荒谬，_一无是处：
(三)利弊说明
1．Although a lot of people believe that…．I doubt／wonder whether the argument bears much analysis／close examination．
尽管很多人认为……我怀疑这种论点是否经得起仔细分析。 2．As opposed to widely held ideas．I argue that…
我反对公认的观点，认为…… 3．Although the popular belief／idea is that．．．，a current study／survey indicates that…
.
.
尽管普遍认为……目前的一项研究/调查显示…… 4．They may be right about…，but they seem to neglect／fail to mention the fact that．．．
他们关于……也许是正确的，但他们似乎忽视了/没能注意到……的事实。 5．Although it widely accepted that．．．，it is unlikely to be true that．．．
尽管公认……但是……不太可能正确。 6．It is true that．．．，but this is not to say that．．．
……确实……但这并不是说……
7．There is absolutely no reason for US to accept／resist that．．．
我们毫无理由认为／否定……
8．What these people fail to understand／consider／mention is that．．．
这些人没能理解／考虑／涉及的是…… 9．You may say that．．．It probably will．But．．．
你可能会说……事实可能如此，但是……
10．It is one thing to believe that…，but it is quite another to say that…．
认为……是一回事，但是认为……是另外一回事。 (四)举例论证
1．Numerous examples can be given，but this／these will suffice．
可以给出无数的例子，但这个／这些就足够了。
2. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(S)． 我想不出比下面这个／这些更好的例子了。 3. This case effectively clarify the fact that…
这个例子清楚证明了……的事实。 4．This story tells that．．．
这个故事告诉我们……
第三段
(一) 归纳结论
1．From what has been discussed above，we may safely draw the conclusion that…
通过上面讨论的内容。我们确实可以得出结论：……
2．All the evidence supports an unshakable conclusion that．．．
所有这些论据都支持一个不可动摇的结论：…… 3．It is high time that we placed great emphasis on…
我们早就该重视……了。
4．It is high time that we put an end to the undesirable phenomenon of．．．
我们早就该阻止……这一不良现象了。
5．There is no denying that further attention must be paid to the problem of．．．
毫无疑问，我们应该对……问题给予进一步的关注。
(二)建议措施
1．It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation．
我们很有必要采取有效措施制止这种状况。
2．Hence，it is imperative for US to take drastic measures／steps．
因此，我们很有必要采取严厉措施。
3．We should appeal to the authorities to make strict laws to control this problem．
.
.
我们应该呼吁政府制定严格的法律来控制这个问题。
4．We should enhance／cultivate the awareness of people that this issue is vital for US．
我们应该提高／培养人们的意识：这个问题对我们很重要。 5．Only in this way can we solve the problem．
只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。
6．I believe we humans can overcome this difficulty and we will have a brighter future．
我相信人类能够克服这个问题，拥有更美好的未来。
议论文万能框架 (一) Although a lot of people believe that_______, I doubt/wonder whether the argument bears much analysis / close examination.
Undoubtedly, this issue conveys the meaning that______________．Owing to__________, _______________. Once a person___________，scarcely can he or she__________．Just as put it， “_________________”. No matter how__________，we will definitely_________．In general，________________．
Hence，it is vital for us to derive positive implications．On the one hand．we should frequently use it to enlighten the youth to_____________．On the other hand，we should be sensible enough to_________．Only by doing so can we become winners in the competitive world．
尽管很多人认为_____________，我怀疑这种论证是否经得起检验。
毫无疑问，这个问题说明____________。由于_____________，所以_____________。一旦一个人_________________,他(她)很难_____________。正如________________所说：“_________________”。无论___________，我们无疑都需要_______________。总而言之，_____________。
因此，我们很有必要得出积极含义。一方面，我们应该经常利用它来启发年轻人_______。另一方面，我们应该充满理智________。只有这样我们才能成为竞争世界的强者。 (二)
When asked about________________，most people believe that___________，but other people consider it differently．
Importance has to be attached to the issue of__________．First and foremost，__________. In addition，______________．The last but not the least，___________．Generally speaking，____________.
To overcome this difficulty，it is necessary to take effective steps to reverse the disturbing trend．One measure would be __________．But more importantly,_____________．Although the drive to fight against it is a long-standing and tremendous One．Our joint efforts will eventually pay off. I assume that a happy and brilliant future is awaiting us if we exert every effort to it．
当谈论到_________的时候，大多数人认为_________，但其他人却看法不同。
对于_________的问题应该给予重视。首先，_________。其次，_________。最后，_________. 总之，_________。
.
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为了克服这个困难，我们很有必要采取有效措施逆转这个不好的趋势。一种措施是_________。但更为重要的是，_________。尽管抵制这个问题是个长期而艰巨的过程，我们的齐心协力最终是会有所回报的。我认为如果我们竭尽全力，等待着我们的将是一个美好而光明的未来。 (三)
There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role of_________．Some people claim that_________，while others believe that_________． To begin with，this issue is to show us that_________，yet the profound meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously．First and foremost, _________．What is more，_________. Generally speaking，_________．
Numerous examples can be given，but these will suffice．A case in point is_________．Another illustration is closely related to us，the examinees．If we_________，we will_________．On the whole，these examples effectively clarify the saying that “_________.”
关于_________的作用，人们没有一致意见。有些人认为_________，而其他人认为_________.
首先，这个问题告诉我们_________，然而它微妙传达的深刻含义应该被认真对待。首先，_________。其次，_________。总之，_________。
关于此问题，可以列举无数例子，但这些就足以说明问题了。一个恰当的例子是_________。另一个例子和我们考生密切相关。如果我们_________。我们将_________。 总而言之，这些例子清楚地证明了这一说法：“_________”。 (四)
When we use the word“_________”，we do not simply mean——，which is a very narrow definition of the word。In fact，throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded _________ as_________．
The fact that _________ indicates that _________．In the first place，as an example of_________，we should remember_________．In the second place，although _________ by international standards，people all over the country do not hesitate to_________．Moreover, _________．In a word，_________．
To crack this hard nut，it is crucial for us to take effective actions．Above a11, relevant laws and regulations should be made to severely punish those who _________． Furthermore，we should enhance the awareness of people that _________ is of great significance to us．Only in this way can we curb the current evil phenomenon．
当我们使用_________这个词的时候，我们不仅仅指_________，这只是这个词的狭义定义。事实上，在整个历史当中，不同文化的人们都把_________当作_________。
_________的事实证明了_________。首先，作为_________的一个例子，我们应该记得_________。其次，尽管按照国际标准_________，全国各族人民毫不犹豫_________。此外，_________。简而言之，_________。
为了解决这个难题，我们很有必要采取有效措施。首先，我们应该制定相关的法律法规来严惩那些_________的人。其次，我们应该提高人们的意识：_________对我们很重要。只有这样我们才能制止当前的这一不良现象。
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.
(五)
There is a general discussion today about the issue of_________．Those who criticize_________argue that_________．They believe that_________．But people who advocate_________，on the other hand，argue that_________．
We can deduce that this issue is trying to attract our attention to the tragedy of_________，which is part of the threat to humans．In my opinion_________，is a symbol of humans, and we too will be left homeless if we allow the destruction of the environment to continue．
This simple issue is a wake-up call for the whole of the human race．If this vivid image of the grim future of our planet is not to become a reality．We must take positive steps right now to put an end to the plundering of the Earth's natural resources．
现在，关于_________的问题有广泛的讨论。那些反对_________的人认为 _________． 他们认为_________。但另一方面，那些支持_________的人认为_________。
我们可以推断这个问题正在吸引我们注意_________的悲剧，这也是对人类威胁的一部分。在我看来，_________是人类的一种象征，如果我们让这种环境破坏继续下去的话，我们将无家可归。
这个简单的问题向整个人类敲响了警钟。如果不想让我们星球的这个可怕未来成为现实，我们必须采取积极措施制止掠夺地球自然资源的行为。
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