专题一 名词和冠词
【典例精析】
1. （2008福建）What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?
A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion
【解析】A sense意为“感觉” 在这样一个公共场所，不可以吃喝甚至不可以走动有什么感觉。 2.（2008天津卷）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products 【解析】A fuel燃料，题干中coal, gas, oil均为燃料，由此选出A
3. （2008山东）I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______. A. exchange
B. bargain
C. trade
D. business
【解析】Ｂ bargain廉价货符合句意，exchange交换；trade贸易，买卖；business事业，业务均不合句意
4. （2008江西卷）—Shall we go out for a walk?
—Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. A. moment B. situation
C. place D. chance
【解析】Ａ 句意为：此刻邀请我不合适，moment此时，此刻符合句意；situation形式；place地方；chance机会均不合题意
5. （2008湖北卷）The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. prediction
B. promise
C. plan
D. contribution
【解析】B 年轻人对父母做出许诺。B许诺，答应符合句意；A意思为预测，C为计划，D意为贡献均不合句意
6. （2008湖北卷）The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______ A. atmosphere B. state
C. situation
D. phenomenon
【解析】A atmosphere氛围。气氛符合句意；B为状态；C为形式；D意为现象
7. （2008安徽卷）To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________” .
A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices
【解析】D句意：为了拯救那些被遗忘的人类语言，我校同学开展了题为“拯救我们的声音”的大讨论；此处声音妥当
8.（2008辽宁卷）My neighbor asked me to go for _________ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got _________ energy.
A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the
【解析】D go for a walk 去散步，走走，固定搭配；the energy 那个力量，专指去散步的力量，具体所指，所以用定冠词the.
9.（2008全国Ⅱ）It’s not _________ good idea to drive for four hours without _________ break. A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
【解析】A开车好几个小时没有一个一次休息不是一个好主意，所以从意义上都是单数，而且是可数名词，所以都用不定冠词a.
10.（2008山东卷)Students should be encouraged to use _____ Internet as _________ resource. A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a 【解析】D因特网专有名词用定冠词；作为一种资源，种类泛指用不定冠词a.
11.（2008湖南卷，22）Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填
【解析】C 听说那个消息，特指后面的石油价格上涨，所以用定冠词；石油不可数名词，所以不用任何冠词
12.（2008江苏卷，21）We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the
B. 不填；the
C. the; 不填
D. 不填；不填
【解析】B by +交通工具中间不用任何冠词；与水路对应，专指陆路，所以用定冠词the. 13.（2008江西卷，30）--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- It is not your fault. With __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a 【解析】A 一种。。。样的交通状况用a;这么一场大雨，泛指，用a.
14.（2008陕西卷，10）I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a
【解析】C 我吃了一个三明治，一般所指；特指哪一列火车，用定冠词the.
15.（四川卷，08）In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.
A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a
【解析】A一群人流，a flow of 固定搭配；特指能找到工作的那个地方，所以用定冠词。 16.（2008浙江卷，2）______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填
【解析】A一个苹果，可数名词；hit sb on the head 固定用法。击中某人某个部位用定冠词。 17.（2008重庆卷） In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
【解析】C 自行车，专指大家知道的交通工具，用定冠词表类别；一种。。。方式，固定用法。 【学法导航】按照名词和冠词的考查规律，同学们在复习备考中要注意：
1. 语义学习是语言学习过程中的基础，没有一定的词汇量，听说读写等其它能力无从谈起。所以，在备考中，一定要重视词汇语义的学习和复习
2. 词汇意义的领悟和掌握既要机械记忆，又要在阅读、运用中领悟，巩固。要将词汇织成一个网，全面掌握一些重要的词汇及相关词汇
3. 同义词近义词的学习必须进行专项复习。收集大量的语言实例，反复记忆，用心领悟。 4. 考查零冠词用法。
5. 和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化以及不可数名词在特指情况下将成为考查重点。 6. 冠词在一些固定短语，特殊句式的运用将仍旧会出现在某些省市的高考试卷中。 7. 比较级中的冠词也是考查的重点。
8. 冠词的基本用法,定冠词在adj.前表示一类尤其是考查的重点。 9. 语境、语义下的冠词灵活运用。
10. 根据知识网络将冠词的基本用法记牢，这是你做好试题的前提。
11. 熟悉一些名词的用法，和冠词结合。有很多不可数名词，有时候被具体化的情况，也是考查的重点
12. 多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视 【专题综合】
1.I heard you have______ vacant position for a secretary. I’ve come to apply for _____job.
A．the; a B．a; the C．不填; a D．a; 不填
2.---John, there is_____ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. ---- I’m in____ bath.
A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; 不填
3. People think that ______ opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games is _____ great success. A. an; a B. the ; a C. the ;the D. the ; X 4. --- Do you often listen to _____ radio? ----No, in fact I haven’t got____ radio.
A. a; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. the; the 5.--- Waiter, could we have_____ bill, please? ----Darling, don’t forget to leave____ tip.
A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. the; 不填 D. the; a 6. The research showed beyond ________ that smoking contributes to heart diseases. A. wonder B. doubt C. problem D. use 7 Would you take my old TV in _______ for this camera?
A. place B. return C. exchange D. business
8 Faced with the hard financial ____________, all the countries in the world should learn to cooperate to get it over.
A. situation B. position C. phenomenon D. state
9. It is a spectacular __________ as the fireworks are set off and light up the who sky during the Spring Festival.
A. look B. view C. scenery D. sight
10. Quite a few employees’ payments are cut down and barely cover their household ________ due to the serious economic crisis.
A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges
11. Suddenly we felt the _________atmosphere grow tense as neither of the sides would give in. A. atmosphere
B. state
C. situation
D. phenomenon
12. The Chinese are looking forward to the first _______to land on the moon after three Chinese astronauts’ successful trip to space.
A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire
13. —Who did you stay with yesterday? I couldn’t find you anywhere. — ___________.
A. Mr. Green’s B.The Greens C. Greens D. The Mr. Green’s 14. I shouldn’t have accepted the man’s present, but I found it difficult to turn down his ______. A. offer B. request C. suggestion D. plan 15. He kept sending her presents in an attempt to win her _______.
A. respect B. favor C. admiration D. pleasure 参考答案1-5 BADCD
6【解析】B beyond doubt为固定短语，意为：无疑，确实。本句句意为：这项研究确实表明吸烟会导致心脏疾病。
7.【解析】C in return for…作为回报；in exchange for…交换。你愿意用我的旧电视机换这架照相机吗？
8【解析】A面对严重的经济形势，世界各国应努力合作共同克服。situation形式，处境。 9【解析】D look看；面貌；view指从某处看到的景色；scenery指自然景色；sight指所看到的事物，景象。在春节期间，当烟火被点燃照亮整个夜空的时候真是一幅壮观的景象。 10.【解析】B expense 意为“（时间、精力、金钱等的）消耗,花销,费用”。很多雇员收入下降不够维持生活的费用”。故选B项。bill 意为“账单，清单”。price 意为“价格,价钱，市价，代价，价值”。charge 意为“费用，捐税，代价，记账”，作“费用”解时指卖方开出的价钱。 11【解析】A atmosphere氛围，D意为现象。我们突然感觉到气氛变得紧张了。
12【解析】B measure 措施； attempt试图，尝试；purpose目的； desire渴望，欲望。在中国三名宇航员成功遨游太空后，中国正盼望着登月的第一次尝试.
13【解析】B此题考查考生对复数姓氏名词的掌握能力。表示姓…的一家人，应用the +姓氏的复数形式。
14【解析】A offer: statement offering to do, or give sth to sb.（为某人做某事或给某人某事物的）建议，提议request: act of asking for sth. 要求；suggestion提议或建议的内容；plan计划。本句句意为：我本不该接受那个人的礼物，但很难拒绝他的提议。故选A。
15.【解析】B 他不停送给她礼物，试图获得她的好感。favor: liking , goodwill , approval 喜爱，宠爱，好感，欢心。 【专题突破】
冠词做题技巧点拨：注意固定短语中的冠词；名词的具体化；抽象名词表示特指；在做题中要注意前后两个空的彼此照应；可以依据意思和语境把握冠词。
名词做题技巧点拨：注意同义词、近义词意思的把握，要依据语意、词义进行辨析。
1. Recently CCTV Station has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important_____0f 2008.
A. affairs B. events C. matters D. things
2. There’s no ______from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys. A. view B. scene
C. sight D. look
3. She is in a poor ______of health, which worries her mother much. A. position B. situation C. state D. condition 4. The experiment turned out to be ________, which wasn’t ______ they wanted. A. a completely failing; as B. a complete failure; what C. completely failure; that D. failed; 不填
5. In the botanic garden we can find a（n）______of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A. species B. group C. amount D. variety 6. He was chosen _________ of the company.
A. manager B. a manager C. the manager D. as a manager 7. I looked under __________ bed and found __________ book I lost last week. A. the; a B. the: the C. 不填; the D. the; 不填 8.—How about __________ Christmas evening party? —I should say it was __________ success.
A. a; a B. The; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
9. Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals.
A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填
10. We have every reason to believe that __________ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success.
A. 不填; a B. the; 不填 C. the; a D. a; a
11. Many people have come to realize that they should go on __________ balanced diet and make __________ room in their day for exercise.
A. a; 不填 B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填; a 12.—Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填 13. __________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch. A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填
14. In __________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland. A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a 15. How about taking __________ short break? I want to make __________ call. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a
16. I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station. A. an, the B. 不填, the C. an, 不填 D. the, a
17. I like __________ color of your skirt. It is __________ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
18.George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __________ Sunday because everybody was at __________ church.
A. 不填; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a
19.— I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________. — You shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer.
A. the; 不填 B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a
20. In __________ review off 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __________ heart disease by 76%. _______ A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a
21. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one.
A. the; a B. 不填; a C. 不填; the D. the; the 22. For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living. A. a; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; the
23. According to __________ World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of AIDS.
A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. a; a D. 不填; the
24. Everywhere man has cut down __________ forests in order to grow crops, or to use __________ wood as fuel or as building material.
A. the; the B. the; 不填 C. 不填; the D. 不填; 不填
25. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday?
A. 不填;不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the 参考答案 1-5 BACBD 6-10 ABBCC 11-15 ABCBD 16-20. DCCBC 21-25 DBBCD
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