初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列
三点剖析
单词·典句·考点 danger ［］n.危险
【经典例句】 In war,life is full of danger for everyone. 在战争中,每个人的生活都危机四伏。
【考点聚焦】 1) 派生词:dangerous adj. 危险的;反义词:safety n. 安全,safe adj.安全的。
2)常见搭配:in danger在„„危险之中;out of danger脱离危险 【活学活用】 1.用danger的适当形式填空 1)Be careful,it’s too . 2)He always helps people in . 答案：1)dangerous 2)danger protect ［］v.保护
【经典例句】 He raised his arm to protect his face. 他举起手臂护住脸部。
【考点聚焦】 1)派生词:protection n.保护
2)常见搭配:protect...from/against...防止„„遭受„„;使„„免于,保护„„使„„不受„„
【活学活用】 2.选择填空
We should (stop/protect) the trees from sand. 答案：protect Mainly［］adv. 主要地,大体地
【经典例句】 This school is mainly for boys.There are only a few girls in it. 这所学校主要招收男孩,女孩很少。 【考点聚焦】 1)派生词:main adj.主要的;mainly用于be动词前、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前。
2)同义词辨析:mainly 强调从重要性上来划分,和次要对应,如：He mainly learns Chinese here.他来这儿主要为学汉语。mostly强调从数量上划分,与少数对应,如:The people in the street were mostly tourists.街上的人大部分是游客。 reason ［］n.原因
【经典例句】 Please tell me the reason for such a mistake. 请向我解释一下你犯这样一个错误的原因。
【考点聚焦】 1)常用搭配:the reason for...„„的原因,后接名词或从句,如:the reason for you are late你迟到的原因。
2)同义词辨析:excuse指借口、托辞,如:Too much work is no excuse for not studying.工作太忙不能成为不学习的理由。
Provide ［］v. 提供
【经典例句】 We provide food for the hungry children. 我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。
【考点聚焦】 常用搭配:provide sb.with sth.向某人提供某物,如:They provide us with food.
他们供给我们食物。还可说provide sth.for sb.,如经典例句所示。
用心 爱心 专心
1
【活学活用】 3.翻译句子 羊供给我们羊毛。 Sheep us wool. 答案：provide;with 短语·典句·考点
find out 找出,发现,查明(真相等)
【经典例句】 Can you find out who broke the window? 你能查出是谁打破窗户的吗?
【考点聚焦】 同义词辨析:find强调结果“找到”;find out强调通过观察或询问查明(某事);look for强调过程“寻找”。 【活学活用】 4.选词填空 find/find out/look for
1)I’ve my pen everywhere,but I can’t it. 2)Can you more ways to solve the problem? 答案：1)looked for;find 2)find out live on 以„„为食
【经典例句】 Sheep live on grass. 羊以草为食。
【考点聚焦】1)live on后接名词,同义词组是live by doing sth.靠„„为生。 2)on在短语中的意思是“依赖”,类似短语还有depend on依赖于,取决于。 3)live in是“居住在某地”,如:He lives in London.他住在伦敦。 less and less 越来越少
【经典例句】 The food is less and less in winter. 冬天食物越来越少了。
【考点聚焦】1)less and less用来修饰不可数名词,修饰可数名词用fewer and fewer。2)“比较级+and+比较级”这一结构,意思是“越来越„„”,如: In spring,it’s warmer and warmer. 春天天气越来越暖和。
【活学活用】5.根据括号内汉语提示完成句子
The pollution in the world is (越来越多),but the water is (越来越少).
答案：more and more;less and less make a plan to do...计划做„„
【经典例句】 We’ve made a plan to go abroad for vacation. 我们已定好出国度假的计划。
【考点聚焦】 1)短语中的plan是名词,make a plan是“制订计划”。 2)plan还可作动词,常用搭配是plan to do sth.和plan on doing sth.。 【活学活用】 6.用所给词的适当形式填空
They are planning (build) a new office building. 答案：to build
such as...例如„„,像这种的
【经典例句】 Food such as hamburgers is junk food. 像汉堡这类的食品是垃圾食品。
【考点聚焦】 1)such as用在句中类似于like。
用心 爱心 专心
2
2)同义词组辨析:such as表示列举事物,for example是举例说明,后面往往加逗号,如:Put on your cool clothes,for example,a T shirt and shorts.穿上凉快衣服,比如T恤衫和短裤。
think of 想起
【经典例句】I can’t think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。
【考点聚焦】1)要注意这里的of是介词,后面要接代词或动名词。 2)要记住think为中心的一些短语:
think about 考虑 think over 仔细思考 think up 想出 【活学活用】 7.用所给词的适当形式填空
We are thinking about (go) to France. 答案：going
句子·剖析·拓展
There are about 1000 pandas living in nature reserves today. 如今有大约1000只大熊猫生活在自然保护区里。
【剖析】 这是个there be句型,There are和后面的living in共同作谓语,意思是有„„生活在„„
【拓展】 这是there be sb./sth.doing sth.的结构,表示“某地有某人(物)在干什么”,这里的实义动词应用v.-ing形式,表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的状态。 There are 400 Engineers working for Shenzhou Ⅵ now. 现在有400位工程师为神舟六号工作。
There are more than 30 nature reserves to protect pandas but these are not enough. 现有30多个自然保护区来保护大熊猫,但这些还不够。
【剖析】 这是个由but连接的并列句,前面是个there be句型,to protect pandas是不定式作定语,修饰nature reserves。 【拓展】 more than相当于over,表示“超过,多于”,其反义短语为less than少于,不到。
There are less than 40 students in the classroom. 教室里有不到40个学生。
Pandas born in zoos may go back to live in the nature reserves. 出生在动物园里的大熊猫可能会回到自然保护区里生活。
【剖析】 1) 这是一个简单句,主语是pandas born in zoos,其中born in zoos是过去分词作定语修饰pandas,may表示可能。
2)不定式短语to live in...作目的状语。
【拓展】 情态动词may除表可能外,还可表示请求许可、能够或表达祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功。
There is still a long way to go to save the panda. 仍需继续努力来拯救大熊猫。
【剖析】 a long way to go 表示“路还很长,还需要努力”;to save the panda表目的。
【拓展】 注意不定式的语法功能。(详见语法·剖析) 语法·剖析
不定式用法之一
用心 爱心 专心
3
一个句子的主要动词之后采用“to+动词原形”的结构称为动词不定式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语,那么它表示什么意思,起何作用呢?一块儿来看一下吧!
典题精讲 经典题型
阅读短文,掌握大意,然后从所给四个选项中选择正确答案。
Now people are trying to make the world a better place for birds to live in.People in China start the Bird Loving Week.Students from all parts of the country have been doing something to care for birds.
Meng Yiru,a 16-year old student from Nanyang Model High School in Shanghai,asked people to protect birds:Never put birds in cages.Go to visit them in the wild if you really love them.“I’ll never forget the little sparrow(麻雀) I kept in a cage,”said Meng.“It stopped eating after I caught it and soon died.”Meng and her classmates put many of their ideas in their 300word report to ask people to take better care of birds.
China is the home of more than 1000 kinds of birds because the country is large and has almost every weather type to suit them.
But not everyone knows how to take good care of them.Some cut down trees and destroy the birds’ homes.This has made the number of the birds go down quickly.A study shows that one out of eight birds,more than 1200 kinds,in the world could die out.This includes 95 percent of albatrosses(信天翁) and 60 percent of cranes(鹤).Some birds you see every day,like pigeons and parrots,are also in danger!
To help them,people have set up 7500 reserves which are suitable and safe for the birds.In China,there are big reserves like the ones near the Dongting Lake in Hunan and the Poyang Lake in Jiangxi.Is there anything that you can do for birds?Take care of their homes.Feed them with something delicious.Well,think it over and begin to do it now!
用心 爱心 专心
4
1.China is the home of many kinds of birds because . A.people in China love birds
B.people in China have planted a lot of trees C.people in China don’t eat birds
D.it is large and has almost every weather type to suit them
思路解析：此题题意是“为什么中国是各种鸟儿的家园?”文章第三段揭示了因为我国气候多样,幅员辽阔,适合各类鸟儿的生存。答案:D 2.Meng Yiru kept a sparrow .
A.for several months B.and soon it died
C.and then set it free D.and then gave it to her classmate
思路解析：此题是有关孟意如所养麻雀的叙述哪个与文意相符。文章第二段讲述了It stopped eating after I caught it and soon died.“在抓来后不久它就不吃食,然后就死了。”答案:B
3.Some people cut down trees and . A.it may make our environment better B.they can plant more crops C.it may kill the birds
D.they can build more reserves
思路解析：此题题意是“人们砍树导致什么结果”。文章第四段第二、三句提到砍树的后果是“destroy the birds’ homes and made the number of the birds go down quickly,”和选项C的描述相吻合。答案:C
4.A study shows that of the birds may die out. A.one eighth B.half C.two thirds D.thirty percent
思路解析：此题题意是“一项调查表明有多少鸟类可能会灭绝”。文章第四段第四句提到“one out of eight birds could die out,”八只鸟中有一只会灭绝,即八分之一。答案:A 5.The underlined word “reserves” probably means “ ”. A.自然保护区B.聚居地C.野生动物园D.养鸟场
思路解析：此题题意是“猜测文中reserve一词的含义”。文章最后一段第四句提到“reserves which are suitable and safe for the birds,”从后面的从句“适合鸟类居住并且安全”可以猜出reserve是“自然保护区”的意思。答案:A 原创题
根据示例,判断下列句子中的不定式在句中起何作用。
如:I want to relax myself. 作宾语,want to do sth. 1.Is it necessary to learn a foreign language? 2.Do you have anything to say for yourself? 3.It’s spring now.It’s time to plant trees.
4.The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 5.Her son is too young to dress himself.
6.China doesn’t hope to copy the USA’s example. 7.The book seems easy to read.
用心 爱心 专心
5
8.I asked him to show me his new pen. 9.I really don’t know what to do next. 10.His wish is to become a doctor.
参考答案：1.作主语,用在It is+adj.+to do sth.句型中; 2.作定语,修饰anything;
3.作主语,用在It is+adj.+to do sth.句型中; 4.作补语,tell sb.to do sth.; 5.作补语,too...to...句型; 6.作宾语,hope to do sth.;
7.作补语,对形容词进行补充说明; 8.作补语,ask sb.to do sth.; 9.作定语,疑问词+不定式; 10.作表语,用在is之后。
思路解析：第1、3题中不定式的作用是作主语;第2、9题中作定语;第4、5、7、8题中作补语;第6题中作宾语;第10题中作表语。 巧学法园地
几个相似的“it”句型
以下有四个“it”句型,用来表达对某人或某物的看法。它们的共同点是都以it为形式主语来避免头重脚轻。
1.It’s+adj.+that从句。在此句型中,it代替that从句,如:It’s polite that you give seats to the old on the bus.
2.It’s+adj.+to do sth.在此句型中,it代替to do sth.,如:It’s useful to remember the words.
3.It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.,在此句型中,it代替to do sth.,形容词用来强调to do sth.，就sb.而言的性质(常见形容词有possible/important/difficult/necessary等)如:It’s impossible for you to move the stone.
4.It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.在此句型中,it代替to do sth.,形容词用来强调of后sb.的性质,(常见形容词有kind/rude/clever/foolish/polite等)如:It’s foolish of you to do so.
用心 爱心 专心 6
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容