考研英语高分作文经典背诵100篇

2022-10-22 来源：意榕旅游网

考研英语高分作文经典背诵100篇

主编：何钢

编著：印建坤、宋平明、林梦茜

第一部分：应用文写作 21、应用文写作总论 22、经典信件背诵 8 （1）辞职信 8 （2）请求信 10 （3）建议信 12 （4）求职信 15 （5）道歉信 18 （6）感谢信 20 （7）申请信 21

（8）投诉信 23 （9）询问信 24 （10）邀请信 25 （11）祝贺信 273、经典备忘录背诵 284、经典便笺背诵 305、经典告示背诵 32

第二部分：短文写作1、短文写作总论 352、经典短文背诵 46 （1）身体健康类（2）职业道德类（3）人口增长类（4）环境保护类

35 46 59 72 85 （5）情感类 98 （6）文化交流类 110 （7）教育类 122 （8）人生价值类 136 （9）家庭关系类 148 （10）社会热点类 160

第三部分：万能作文模板 174 应用文模板 174 短文模板 180

第四部分：写作常用高分句型应用文高分句型 188 短文高分句型 197

188第五部分：高分写作常用谚语100句 207

第一部分：应用文写作

第一节、应用文写作总论

一、大纲透析

2005年，经过修订的《全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语）考试大纲》规定，写作部分由A、B两个部分组成，其中A部分是新增的应用文写作，从而使得作文的分值由原来的20分提高到了30分。大纲对于应用文写作的具体要求如下：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。总分10分。

大纲要求考生能写出不同类型的应用文，并能够： 1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当； 2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；

3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯； 4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。

从这一新变化中我们可以看出，大纲对于考生掌握和运用语言的能力提出了更高的要求，尤其是对于考生在实际生活和场景中对于语言的运用能力。从字数上看来，A部分难度并不大，耗时大约15-20分钟，共写作100字左右。文章长度如不符合要求将酌情扣分。同时，考生应该尤其注意，不同的应用文体有着不同的格式及语域要求，关于这一点我们将在下面有所详述。

应用文的题材非常广泛，主要围绕考生熟悉的平时学习、生活场景展开，主要考查的是英文的日常应用能力，文体灵活、实用性强，而且不一定都是书面语。因此，对于A部分的评分侧重点就在于是否包含了所有的信息点、文章架构是否合理、语言是否连贯、格式是否准确以及语域是否恰当[1]。对于语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但是使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。具体的评分标准如下：

分数挡 9-10分很好地完成了试题规定的任务。评分标准 4

包含了所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式和语域恰当贴切；对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。 7-8分较好地完成了试题规定的任务。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一、两个次重点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本准确，只有在试图使用比较复杂或较高级词汇时才有个别错误；格式和语域较恰当；对目标读者产生了预期的效果。 5-6分基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求；有一些语法和词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰；格式和语域基本合理。对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果 3-4分未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容；语法结构单调，词汇项目有限；有较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性； 5

格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。 1-2分未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容；语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；未使用任何衔接手段，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段；未能传达信息给读者。 0分所传达的信息或所用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。

二、命题分析

当前全球社会的发展使得英语应用文写作能力的重要性日益凸显，这种能力不仅能体现出一个人的基本语言水平，同时也为日后从事现代化办公、顺利开展社会交流尤其是国际交流打下良好的基础。因此，考研作文中增加应用文写作部分不仅是大势所趋，同时也体现出了我国教育者的良苦用心。

相对于大作文来说，应用文的写作还是比较容易把握的。但是在大约15分钟的时间内理解题意并迅速将内容要点扩充成一篇100字的短文也是有较大难度的，考生不仅能够恰当地根据给定情境迅速成文，而且也要有较高的语言能力。因此，在平时的准备过程中，考生要重视这类文体的准备工作，全面了解和掌握各种应用文体的写作格式、方法和特点，尤其是要熟悉各类文体的基本结构和套话。

应用文文体的种类非常丰富，大纲中规定的就包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。鉴于考试的要求和考场的条件限制、文章的长度以及文体的应用广泛程度而言，我们认为各类信件、便笺、以及备忘录在研究生考试中的考查几率比较大。其中信件种类繁多、内容广泛，因此最为重要；便笺的写法与格式都和信件相类似；备忘录在公务和商业往来中使用较多，但也可能在考生平时的校园生活中出现。因此，本书将以信件、便笺和备忘录的写法为重点详加阐述。

应用文的实际用途决定了其语言应以简洁明了为基本原则，并不要求复杂多变。应用文一般需要开门见山，行文一开始就要尽快地表达主要意思；文章要求逻辑清晰、有条有理，目标明确；语气要恰如其分，尤其在公文信函中，一定要注意语言的正式和礼貌，遵循交际原则；最后还要注意细节，确保事件、数字、日期等信息的准确传达和标点符号的正确使用。下面以2007年的大纲样题为例来具体分析考研应用短文的出题思路和应对步骤：

Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for: 1) detailed information about the books you want, 2) methods of payment, 3) time and way of delivery.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. 通过这个题目可以看出，考研的应用文题目是以日常生活的场景为基础的。我们有以下的“三步走”策略：

第一、判断题型。在阅读完题干以后，考生应迅速判断这是一篇请求信，此时准备充分的考生应在脑海中以最快速度搜索此类信件的写作框架、流程、常用套语和词汇等（本书中提供了详实的模版供考生参考）。

第二、重新读题，并用铅笔划出题目中包含的重点信息。这些信息都是考生在写文章的时候必须包含在其中的。本题的重点信息包括preparing for an English test, in need of some reference books, a letter to the sales department of a book store, detailed information, payment, delivery等。

第三、扩充成文并仔细检查。在扩充细节的时候，考生要结合平时的生活积累、发挥充分的想象力。如在本题中，考生应思考的细节包括准备何种英语考试，需要哪些参考书，对参考书的质量和内容有什么要求，付款方式是现金还是信用卡，运送方式是EMS、邮局还是其他等等。在这些方面考生可以自由发挥，但是注意要符合我们的生活常识和日常规律。在完成文章以后，一定要花大约1分钟的时间重新检查一遍信件的结构是否完整、所要求的细节是否全部包含在内、以及是否有拼写错误等。

三、题型解析（1）书信

书信是人类交流的一种最古老也是最重要的方式之一，对于人类的交际具有重要的意义。大学生无论在何时何地，都需要因为各种原因而给相关人士写信，来表达自己的动机、目的和愿望等。书信分为私人信函和公务信函。私人信函属于非正式文体，一般是指与熟人、家人和朋友之间进行日常事务交流的信件。私人信件用词可以比较随意，但是语气要真挚。

公务信件则属于正式文体，通常用于商务和外贸场合，以及公司与公司之间、与客户之间的业务往来等。其中最实用也是最重要的包括辞职信、请求信、建议信、求职信、道歉信、感谢信、申请信、投诉信、询问信、邀请信和祝贺信等。

尽管书信类别多样，但是我们一定要牢记，所有的书信都是“万变不离其宗”，只要掌握其格式、框架和基本语气，就能够写出一篇质量上乘的书信出来。

书信的写作格式

当前的书信格式主要有英式和美式两种。英式结构即缩进式结构，属于比较传统的结构，即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。美式结构则是齐头式结构，在商务英语中比较流行，尤其普遍运用于电子邮件的交流中，其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。具体如下所示：缩进式：

Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy 齐头式：

inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy

书信的结构：

英文的书信结构通常包括6个组成部分：信头（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期）、信内地址（inside address，指收信人地址）、称呼（salutation）、正文（body）、结束语（complimentary）、签名（signature），有时候还包括附言（postscript）和附件（attachment）。具体如下图所示：

No. 5, Yiheyuan Road Beijing, 100971, 信头 P.R.China Mar. 12, 2007 Professor John Smith 13 Broadway Avenue 信内地址 San Francisco California 93011 U.S.A Dear Prof. Smith, 称呼 I am very glad to hear from you. 9

„„ 正文 „„ Yours sincerely, 结束语 Judy 签名 P. S.: „„ 附言

一般的考研作文由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分，因此本章也重点讨论这四个部分需要注意的一些问题。称呼：

称呼是书信的开头部分，是写信人对收信人的称谓。无论是私人信件、还是公务信件，一般都以“Dear”作为开头引出收信人的姓名和头衔。称呼的后面一般都要求加逗号。在私人信件中，如果写信人与收信人关系比较亲密，则称呼可以比较随意，一般都是“Dear”后面直接加人名，如“Dear Anna, Dear Tom”等；或者“Dear”后面加长辈的称呼，如“Dear Papa, Dear Aunt”；如果关系不是非常亲密，则要称呼对方的姓，写做“Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Smith, Dear Miss Smith, Dear Ms Smith”。注意，在不知道女士的婚嫁状况的时候，宜用“Ms.”。

在公务信件中，一般的称呼格式是在收信人头衔后加姓，或者加收信人全名。要特别注意收信人的头衔。具体称呼方式及缩写如下：男士：Mr.

女士：Mrs., Ms., Miss 教授/博士：Prof./Dr.

市长、法官、议员或其他高官：Hon. (Honorable，即“尊敬的”) 编辑：Editor

不知对方姓名：Dear Sir/Sirs, Dear Madam/Madams, Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern

正文：

正文一般包括三个部分。第一部分是开头，需要开门见山地说明写信的原因和目的。如果是写给不认识的人，还要加上一个简单的自我介绍。如果是回信，还要说明何时收到对方关于什么内容的信。

第二部分是信的核心和主要内容，把开头提出的问题进行充分的说明和解释。第三部分是信的结尾，通常以礼貌的祝福或者愿望来结束。如： I am looking forward to your reply.

Please pass my best wishes to all your family. 结束语：

结束语是写信人对于收信人的谦称和致敬。

在私人信件中，一般可以用“Best wishes, Best regards, Best, Regards, Warmest Regards, Yours, Yours ever, Yours sincerely, Cordially”。如果是用于关系非常亲密的朋友或者亲人，则还可以用“Yours affectionately, Affectionately, Love, Lovingly, Cheers, Your devoted friend, Your loving son (daughter, nephew, niece, grandson, granddaughter, father, mother, husband, wife, etc.)”。

在公务信件中，一般可以用“Yours sincerely, yours faithfully, Yours truly, Yours respectfully, Yours gratefully, Yours cordially”等。

特别是在给一些团体和不知名的个人的正式信件中，除了以上结束语外还可以采用以下形式：Truly yours, Sincerely yours, Faithfully yours, etc.

英文信件结束语形式非常多，对于考生来说如果能够掌握各种情况下的不同结束语自然最好，但是对于应试来说，考生掌握一个“Yours sincerely”就可以以不变应万变，因为这个结束语普遍适用于私人和公务信件。签名：

关于签名的注意点就是，考试中不允许考生留下自己的名字，只能用“Li Ming”这个名字。

（2）备忘录

备忘录是用于各部门之间传递信息、提醒和督促对方做某事的一种文书。备忘录一般用于各种机构组织中，在大学生中用的比较少。备忘录有约定俗成的结构和格式，一般由五个部分组成： To: 收文人 From: 发文人 Date: 日期

Subject: 事由，内容只需要用名词或动名词等少数几个词，甚至一个词做简略陈述。 Message: 正文，直入主题，列出最重要的信息或结论。

备忘录的内容有如新闻写作，需要包括以下几个要素：谁，什么，何时，何地，为什么。备忘录有可能是通知，也可能是呼吁人们参加某个活动或采取某个行动，因此，语气一般比较正式、礼貌且简明扼要，表达清楚准确，以使广大的读者能够迅速正确地理解。需要注意的是，备忘录的收文人只要写全名即可，无需称呼语，结尾处也不需要结束语和签名。（3）便笺

便笺是为了各种目的而写的简短书信体留言，用于熟人、亲人、朋友和同事等之间对于近一两天内将发生事情的联系，如请假条、约会、告别、道歉、借东西、留言等。便笺的形式简单，语言随意、简洁且口语化。

相比较书信而言，便笺的语言和格式都更加轻松。便笺较短，因此必须言简意赅，避免繁文缛节。同时，便笺一般直接用收信人的名字，省略“Dear”等称呼，结尾处也不用结束语，直接签名。特别需要注意的是，便笺上一定要注明日期。其中美式英语的日期格式为“Mar. 20, 2007”，而英式英语的日期格式为“20 Mar. 2007”，两种格式都适用于考试。英语中12个月份的缩写如下：Jan., Feb., Mar., Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.

便笺的形式如下：

Mar. 20, 2007 日期 Tom, 称呼 „„ 正文 Anne 签名

[1]所谓的语域是指口头和书面表达中根据不同的交际对象所采用的话语方式，包括正式、半正式和非正式三种。

1 辞职信 Letter of Resignation

现代人处在竞争非常激烈的大环境中。为了谋求更好的发展，有很多人，尤其是一些年轻人，辞职、跳槽的现象屡见不鲜。那么如何写辞职信呢？

写辞职信时要说明辞职原因，有时需说明离开的时间以给对方一个物色接替人选的时间，以免给所在单位造成不必要的麻烦。然后还要感谢对方曾经给过自己这样的工作机会。

写作“三步走”：

提出辞职—>说明原因，表示遗憾或感谢—>期盼回复 Tips:

在写作辞职信的时候语气一定要诚恳，尤其是要表达遗憾的心情，同时对于原雇主曾经给自己的这份工作机会表达感激之情。

（1） 2005年真题 Directions:

Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, and stating your reason(s). You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

范文： Dear Mr. Wang,

I am writing to inform you of my intention of withdrawing from my current position in this magazine.

Though having worked here for merely two months, I, unfortunately, find that this job is quite different from my expectation. First of all, I have to say that my salary is far from satisfying, which barely sustains me in this expensive city. Moreover, so far I have never had the responsibility of any challenging task. I apologize in advance for any inconvenience it might bring to you. Yours truly, Li Ming 译文：尊敬的王先生：

我给您写这封信是想辞去我目前在杂志中的职位。

尽管我在这里仅仅工作了两个月，但是我发现这份工作并不符合我的预期。首先，我的工资远远不能令人满意，使我在这昂贵的城市中生活艰难。此外，到目前为止，我没有机会负责任何具有挑战性的工作。我为对此可能给您带来的不便致歉。

您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组： intention: n.意图, 目的

withdraw from: 离开，撤出，退出

merely: adv. 仅仅，只，不过 be far from：远远不及，远远不够 barely: adv. 刚刚，仅仅，几乎不能 sustain: vt. 支撑，撑住，维持，持续 have responsibility of sth: 负责某事

万能句型：

I am writing to inform you of„

Though having„, I, unfortunately, find that„ First of all„ Moreover„ I apologize in advance for„

（2）Directions:

You have worked in a Non-Governmental Organization for several years, but now you need to quit the job because you are moving to another city with your family. Write a letter to your boss Mr. Smith to tell him your decision and the reason, and your appreciation for the work experience in this agency. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

Dear Mr. Smith,

I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to resign my present job in the next month. The main reason is that I will move to Qingdao to live permanently with my family, as Qingdao is my hometown.

Looking back upon my five-year experience in this organization, I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much. Please accept my sincere gratitude, as well as my regret for not being able to serve here any longer. Yours faithfully,

Li Ming 译文：

尊敬的史密斯先生：

通过这封信我很遗憾地告诉您我计划在下个月辞去目前的工作，其主要原因是我将和我的家庭一起搬回我的家乡青岛，并将在那里长期居住。

回顾我在这个组织中五年的工作经历，我与您和众位同事度过了非常愉快的时光，你们给了我很多帮助，也教会了我很多东西。请接受我最诚挚的感激，我也非常遗憾不能在这里工作更长的时间。您真挚的，

李明

闪光词汇及词组：

permanently: adv. 长期的，永久的，不变的 look back upon: 回顾 enjoyable: adj. 令人愉快的 gratitude: n. 感激

万能句型：

I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to„ The main reason is that„

2请求信 Letter of Request

请求信是对收信人提出请求，并希望对方满足该要求。写请求信的重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事，请求他人做某事的原因。

写请求信时首先要说明写作意图，一定要注意语气要礼貌，用词要规范；然后具体展开说明请求的原因；最后表示希望对方予以答复。

写作“三步走”：

介绍自己、提出请求—>说明原因及其它事项—>表达谢意、期盼答复 Tips:

在许多情况下，请求信是写给不认识的人或者机构，所以在信的开头可以做一下简单的自我介绍。同时，由于提出的请求往往都是需要麻烦别人的事情，所以要注意语气的礼貌程度，不要吝啬你的感谢。

（1） 2006年真题 Directions:

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

范文：

To Whom It May Concern,

My name is Li Ming, a college student of Peking University, and I am writing in the hope of your assistance to find a needy child for whom I may provide financial support.

First and foremost I would like to declare that I possess the financial ability to implement this plan owing to my decent income from part-time jobs. As to the candidate, I am hoping that he/she comes from an elementary school of the less developed areas of Western China, who is forced out of school. I would like to pay for his/her tuition fee and other school expenses until he/she graduates from university.

Thank you for your time.

Yours cordially, Li Ming 译文：有关负责人：

我叫李明，是北京大学的学生。我给您写这封信的目的是希望可以资助一名贫困学生，请您帮我物色一名合适的人选。

首先我想声明我有着实现这个计划的财政能力，因为我现在的兼职工作可以给我带来不菲的收入。至于具体的人选，我希望他/她是来自经济落后的中国西部地区的一名小学生，因为贫困原因而被迫退学。我将支付该学生的学费和其它杂费等，直至其大学毕业。感谢您的时间和耐心。您真挚的，

李明

闪光词汇及词组：

in the hope of: 希望 assistance: n. 帮助，协助 first and foremost: 首先 declare: v. 声明 possess: v. 拥有 implement: v. 实施 owe to: 因为，由于 decent income: 不错的收入 as to: 至于

less developed: 欠发达的

万能句型：

I am writing in the hope of your assistance to„ Thank you for your time.

（2）Directions:

You are preparing for your graduation thesis and are in urgent need of some reference materials. Write a letter to the National Library and ask for their help. Provide detailed information, and method of delivery and payment. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am a senior student from Tianjin University, and I wonder if you could spare some time to help me look for two reference books, Communication Principles and Organizational Communication, both published by Foreign Language Press in 2000. The two books are of particular importance to my graduation thesis, but I failed to obtain them from my university library as well as local bookstores. Could you please tell me whether the National Library has the mentioned books? If so, could you please do me the favor of photocopying and sending them to me by EMS? I would like to pay for the relevant expense by cash or credit card. Looking forward to a prompt reply from you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 译文：

尊敬的先生或女士：

我是天津大学的一名大四学生，不知道是否可以占用您的一点时间帮我找两本参考书？它们分别是《传播学原理》和《组织传播学》，都是由外语出版社于2000年出版。这两本书对于我的正在写作的毕业论文有着特别的重要意义，但是我在我们的大学图书馆和当地书店都没有找到它们。不知道国家图书馆是否藏有着两本书？如果有的话，不知您是否可以帮我复印一下并用特快专递寄给我呢？关于相关费用我会通过现金或者信用卡的形式进行支付。

希望能够尽快得到您的答复。

您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组：

senior student: 大四学生 spare some time: 花一些时间 fail to do sth: 没能做成某事

obtain: v. 得到，获得 photocopy: v. 复印

万能句型：

I am wondering if you could spare some time to„ Could you please do me the favor of„

I would like to pay for the relevant expense by cash or credit card. Looking forward to a prompt reply from you.

3建议信 Letter of Advice

建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出看法、建议或忠告。建议信不同于投诉信，所以写信人一定要注意礼貌当先。建议信一般包括以下内容：首先说明写信的目的，其次，在肯定优点的基础上提出自己的建议或看法（否则别人以为你在投诉，而不是在提建议），最后表达希望采纳建议。

写作“三步走”：

自我介绍、说明目的—>委婉地提出建议及改进措施，或提出忠告—>礼貌地总结或期盼回复 Tips:

提建议毕竟不是投诉，所以语言一定要委婉、礼貌，顾及他人感情。在提出缺点之前，最好先肯定其优点

（1） 2007年真题 Directions:

Write a litter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

To Whom It May Concern,

As a student of this university, I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always. Meanwhile, I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning the quality of the library service. In the first place, I find that most keyboards of the library computers are in poor operation, which brings much inconvenience to the users. I would also recommend the library to improve the efficiency of purchasing new books and subscribing to academic journals. Last but not least, the study rooms need to be furnished with a better lighting system.

I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 译文：有关负责人：

作为本校学生，首先我想利用这个机会对于您一直以来的帮助表示感谢。同时，我也想对图书馆的服务提出一些建议，相信将有助于服务的提高。

首先，我发现图书馆电脑的大部分键盘都有操作上的问题，给用户带来很多不便。我也想建议图书馆提高购买新书和定购学术期刊的工作效率。最后，自习教室的照明系统也需要进一步的改进。

我希望您能够认真考虑我的建议。

您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组：

take the opportunity to: 利用这个机会 beneficial: adj.有益的 keyboard: n. 键盘 purchase: v. 购买 subscribe to: 定购 be furnished with: 安装有 lighting system: 照明系统

万能句型：

I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always.

I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning„ In the first place„I would also recommend„Last but not least„ I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration.

（2）Directions:

Write a letter to the president of your college about the unpleasant conditions of the university dormitory, and suggesting possible solutions You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

范文： Dear Sir,

As I am a freshman, I feel that it is my obligation to make some suggestions concerning the basic conditions of our dormitory.

Generally speaking, the dormitory building situates in a satisfying environment and is well-equipped. However, there are two unpleasant aspects that cause

inconvenience to us: 1) the heating system is in need of improvement—it fails to maintain warmth in our rooms during the winter; 2) the furniture is not designed in a practical manner –there lacks a shelf to place books.

I would be more than happy if my proposal could be considered and positive changes take place in these regards.

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 译文：尊敬的校长：

作为本校的一名大一新生，我觉得就学生宿舍条件提出一些建议是我应有的责任。总的来说，我们的宿舍楼环境良好、设备齐全。但是，仍然存在一些不尽人意的方面，给我们的生活带来了不便：1、冬天室内暖气不足，供暖系统需要进一步改进；2、家具设计不合理，没有供我们放书的书架。

如果您能够考虑我的这些建议并使学校在以上方面做出改进，我将感激不尽。您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组：

obligation: n. 义务，责任

generally speaking: 总的来说 situates: v. 处于

well-equipped: adj. 设备齐全的 maintain: v. 保持，维持 place: v. 放置

in a „ manner: 以„„的方式

万能句型：

A freshman as I am, I feel that it is my obligation to make some suggestions concerning„

I would be more than happy if my proposals could be considered and positive changes take place in these regards.

4求职信 Cover Letter of Job Application

求职信也是申请信的一种，是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。求职信一般包括以下几个方面的内容：首先要阐述清楚招聘信息的来源，以及所申请的职位；其次简述个人信息；然后进一步强调自己的能力，表达抱负，并请求给予面试机会；最后提出自己的希望，希望得到面试的机会，并且告诉对方你的联系方式。

求职信的语言属于正式用语，在写作过程中一定要注意用词简洁准确，语气礼貌自信，态度不卑不亢，所给信息具有一定的可信度。尤其是在强调自身经历和优点的时候，更应把握尺度。

写作“三步走”：

自我介绍，说明求职目的—>展示个人能力、经历及求职动机—>希望面试机会、表示感谢 Tips:

由于篇幅较短，而申请者需要尽可能地向用人单位推销自己，所以在求职信中宜笼统概说自己的求学和工作经历，突出一至两个吸引眼球的闪光点即可。

（1）Directions:

You are a graduate student of X University, and you are interested in the position of business manager that is advertised on the newspaper. Write a letter to the company stating the reasons for your application, your qualification for the position, and asking for an interview.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of business manager you advertised in yesterday’s China Daily.

To briefly introduce myself, I am a graduate student of Peking University majoring in business administration, and expect graduation this June. Not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also possess the rich experience of assisting management staff of several renowned international companies, such as KPMG and Microsoft. My interactive personal skills and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post. For further information, please refer to my attached resume.

I would be grateful if you could arrange an interview at your earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 译文：

尊敬的先生或女士：

我写信希望申请您昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘业务经理的广告。

首先请允许我简单介绍一下我自己，我是北京大学工商管理专业的大四学生，将于今年六月份毕业。我不仅学习成绩优秀，而且还有着在国际大公司担任管理人员助手的丰富经历，比如毕马威公司、微软公司等。我的个人交际能力和团队精神也非常适合这个职位。如果你需要进一步的信息，请参考附上的简历。

如果你能在方便之时尽早给我安排一次面试，我将不胜感激。您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组：

business administration: 工商管理 renowned: adj. 著名的 interactive: adj. 相互的 teamwork spirit: 团队精神 appropriate: adj. 适当的 refer to: 参考 attach: v. 附上 arrange: v. 安排

万能句型：

I am writing to apply for the position of„you advertised in yesterday’s„ To briefly introduce myself, I am a gradute student of „ University majoring in „ and expect graduation this June.

Not only have I excellent academic performance in all courses, I also possess the rich experience of„

My interactive personal skills and teamwork spirit are also appropriate for this post.

I would be grateful if you could arrange an interview at your earliest convenience.

（2）Directions:

You have learnt from the university BBS that a famous IT company is recruiting a software programmer intern. Write a letter to the company’s HR manager, Mr. Wang, to express your wish of applying for the internship, state your qualifications, and suggest a personal interview.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文： Dear Mr. Wang,

I am a computer science major from Peking University, and I am writing in response to your advertisement for recruiting a software programmer intern posted on our university BBS yesterday. I hope I can take the job.

The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in both my extensive academic training in software programming, and my work experience in the relevant industry which has further polished my abilities. Moreover, I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship. Please find more details in my enclosed resume.

Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview.

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 译文：

尊敬的王先生：

我是北京大学计算机专业的学生，写这封信希望应聘您昨日在我校BBS上招募的计算机编程员实习生职位。我希望我能够得到这份工作。

我认为我适合这个职位的信心来源于两点，一是我在计算机编程方面得到了广泛的学术训练，二是我在相关行业的实习经历进一步增强了我在这个领域的能力。此外，我这个学期有很多空余时间，因此可以保证在实习岗位上的时间投入。具体内容请参见我随信附上的简历。

感谢您的时间和耐心，如果你能给我一次面试机会将不胜感激。您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组： extensive: adj. 广泛的 polish: v. 使„更好 relevant industry: 相关行业 spare time: 空闲时间 ensure: v. 保证 commitment: n. 许诺 enclose: v. 附寄

万能句型：

I am writing in response to your advertisement for„ The main reason for my confidence in this position lies in„

I have much spare time this semester, which can ensure my time commitment for the internship.

Please find more details in my enclosed resume.

Thank you for your time and patience, and I would greatly appreciate it if you could grant me an interview.

道歉信 Letter of Apology

我们在工作或生活中，有时难免会犯一些错误，写封致歉信就显得很有必要。道歉信通常包括以下内容：表示歉意；道歉的原由；出现差错的原因；提出弥补措施；请求原谅。写道歉信的语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实，不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。

写作“三步走”：

表示歉意—>说明具体原因、提出补救办法—>再次致歉、希望得到理解 Tips:

在写作过程中，尽可能提供比较合理的理由。如果违反生活常识将导致扣分。在解释完原因后，尽量提供一个合适的补救办法，使行文更加完满。

（1）Directions:

You are invited to a dinner at a friend’s house, but you are not able to attend because of the preparation for a coming examination. Write a letter to your friends to express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a meeting at another time. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文： Dear Anne,

Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please don’t hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you. Please allow me to say sorry again.

Regards, Li Ming 译文：亲爱的安：

感谢你邀请我于明日晚上与你和你的家人共进午餐。可是，我非常遗憾地告诉你我无法赴约，因为我将忙于准备后天的一门重要考试。错过了这么一个欢乐的聚会我深感遗憾，我希望你们能度过一个愉快的时光。对了，在我考试后我们可以见一面么？如果可以的话请随时给我打电话，我非常期待能和你愉快地聊天。请允许我再一次致歉。

您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组： occupy: v. 占用，占

get-together: n. 聚会，联欢会 hesitate: v. 犹豫，踌躇

drop sb. a line: 给某人打一个电话 preferable: adj. 更好的，更可取的 long for sth: 渴望

万能句型：

Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot„

I feel terribly sorry for missing the change of„

Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterwards? If so, please don’t hesitate to drop me a call about your preferable date. Please allow me to say sorry again.

（2）Directions:

You failed to finish an important task assigned by your professor because of a severe illness. Write a letter to your professor tp express your apology, explain your reason, and suggest a solution to make up the loss. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

Dear Prof. Patent,

I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete the book report you assigned last week, due to a sudden illness falling upon me a few days ago. For the past few days I have been in hospital with a continuous fever, which has thus prevented me from any academic activity. I hereby submit the doctor’s note. I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task, as my health is turning better.

Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. Yours faithfully,

Li Ming 译文：

尊敬的Patent教授：

我非常遗憾地告知您我没有完成您上周布置的读书报告，因为几天前我突然生病了。过去的几天中我一直持续高烧，住在医院，因此无法进行任何学术活动。随信是医生的诊断书。如果您能再给一周时间来完成它我将感激不尽，因为现在我的身体正在好转。希望您能理解我的处境并接受我的道歉。您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组： assign: v. 分配，指派 fall upon sb: 降临到某人身上 continuous: adj. 持续的

prevent sb from sth/doing sth: 使某人不能做某事 hereby: adv. 因此，据此 submit: v. 提交，递交 obliged: adj. 感激的 grant: v. 同意，准予

万能句型：

I am very sorry to inform you that I did not manage to complete„due to„ I would be very much obliged if you could grant me another week for the task.

Hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.

感谢信 Letter of Thanks

感谢信通常带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有比较浓的人情味。感谢信通常分为正式感谢信和非正式感谢信，前者行文得体、语气礼貌谦恭、用词正式正规；后者语气则更加亲切热情。

写作“三步走”：

表达感谢之情并说明原因—>提及自己曾受到对方的帮助—>再次感谢并表达回报愿望。 Tips:

表达的感激之情要恰到好处，不要过于夸张。

建议在结尾尽量表达希望回报对方的愿望，显得更加真诚。

Directions:

You have just come back from a student exchange program in the U.S. Write a letter to your host family in New York to express your gratitude for their hospitality, describe the help they gave you, offer to repay their help and invite them to visit you.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith,

I am now back to China safe and sound. In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you and your lovely children for your kindness and hospitality to host me when I was in New York. Your generous help and tender care made me feel warly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a beautiful memory. I do hope that your whole family pay a visit to China in future, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your friendship. I assure you that you would enjoy visiting here as I did at your home. I feel obliged to thank you once more. Love, Li Ming 译文：

亲爱的史密斯先生和夫人：

我现在安全健康地回到了中国。通过这封信，我想表达我对于您二位和你们可爱的孩子们衷心的感谢，感谢您对我纽约之行的热情招待。你们的慷慨和对我的关心使我此行更加愉快，而我的第一次美国之行也因此变成了美好的回忆。

我非常希望你们能在将来访问中国，让我有机会回报你们的友谊，我保证你们会像我在纽约那样度过一个愉快的时光。再一次向你们表示感谢。

爱你们的，李明

闪光词汇及词组： safe and sound: 安全健康 convey: v. 传达，转达

heartfelt: adj. 衷心的，真心实意的 generous: adj. 大方的，慷慨的

tender: adj. 温柔的

transform sth into sth: 把...变成 „ pay a visit: 访问 repay: 报答，偿还

万能句型：

In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to„

Your generous help and tender care made me feel warly welcomed and transformed my first American trip into a beautiful memory.

I assure you that you would enjoy visitng here as I did at your home. I feel obliged to thank you once more.

申请信 Application Letter

申请信有很多种，有求职申请信、有加入某组织的申请信、有报考申请信、有申请学位或留学申请信，等等。无论哪一种申请信，一般都包括这样几个部分：申请的原因，具备的条件，恳请申请单位考虑自己的申请，并表示谢意，期望回复。

写作“三步走”：

开宗明义说明申请原因—>展开原因—>期盼回复、表示感谢 Tips:

语言言简意赅，语气诚恳礼貌。要避免不符合事实的浮夸。

如果是留学申请和奖学金申请，要注意提供以下信息：写明申请学校和专业，简介个人履历，索取对方学校相关信息，附上个人经历等材料。

Directions:

Being a volunteer for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is your strong wish. Write a letter to the Beijing Olympic Committee to state your application to be a volunteer, describe your qualifications, and express the appreciation of an interview. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to express my great interest in the “Olympic Volunteer Recruitment” launched recently by the Beijing Olympic Committee, and I would like to apply as a qualified candidate.

As I am an English major, my fluency in both Mandarin and English, as well as my basic command of French, guarantees that I meet the language requirement for the various volunteer positions. More importantly, I have been an enthusiastic participant in many international exchange programs—which are reflected in my attached resume—and therefore, I believe my communication skills make me competent for such a post.

Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful. Yours truly Li Ming 译文：

尊敬的先生或女士：

我对北京奥组委最近启动的“奥运会志愿者招募”活动十分感兴趣，我认为我是一个合格的人选并且在此向您推荐我自己。

作为一个英语专业的学生，我的汉语和英语都十分流利，而且还会基本法语，因此我非常符合各种志愿者职位的语言要求。更重要的是，我一直以来积极热情地参与各种国际交流项目—这些经历都详细地反映在附件我的简历中—因此，我相信我的交流能力使我能够胜任这个职位。

如果您给我一个面试的机会，我将感激不尽。您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组： launch: v. 开始，启动 fluency: n. 流利 Mandarin: n. 普通话 guarantee: v. 保证

meet the requirement: 符合要求 enthusiastic: adj. 热情的 reflect: v. 反映

be competent for: 胜任（某项工作）

万能句型：

I am writing to express my great interest in„ I would like to apply as a qualified candidate. As I am an X major„

Should you grant me an interview, I would be most grateful.

投诉信 Letter of Complaint

在人们的生活中经常会发生一些事情，比如消费利益受损、正常生活和工作受到干扰等等令人伤脑筋的事情，有时写封投诉信不失为一个解决的办法。

投诉信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明投诉的原因并表示遗憾；实事求是地阐述问题发生的经过，切记不要夸大其词；指出问题引起的后果；提出批评及处理的意见或敦促对方采取措施或者提出所希望的赔偿以及补救方式。

写作“三步走”：

说明投诉问题—>描述具体情况—>期待解决方案 Tips:

写投诉信时语气要冷静、郑重、克制，不必过于礼貌。但也要就事论事，不能进行人身攻击。同时，在描述问题时尽量采用被动句式，使描述更加客观合理。

Directions:

You bought a digital camera in a store last week, and you have found that there is something wrong with it. Write a letter to the store manager to explain the problem, express your complaints and suggest a solution. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文： Dear Manager,

I venture to write to complain about the quality of the digital camera I bought last Friday at your store. During the five days the camera has been in my possession, problems have emerged one after another. For one thing, the screen is always black, making the camera no different from a traditional one. For another, the battery

is distressing as it supports the camera’s operation for only two hours. Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund. I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention.

Yours, Li Ming 译文：尊敬的经理：

我冒昧给你写这封信，投诉我上周五在您商店里购买的数码相机的质量问题。购买至今的五天中，各种问题一个接一个地出现。一方面，相继屏幕总是黑屏，我们使用起来仿佛和传统相机没有区别。另一方面，电池的状况也不尽人意，只能支持相机工作两个小时。因此，我希望可以换一个相机，否则我要求退款。我希望这个问题能够得到足够的重视。谨上，李明

闪光词汇及词组： venture: v. 冒昧，斗胆 in sb’s possession: 拥有 emerge: v. 显现出来

one after another: 一个接一个

make sth no different from sth: 使„和„没有区别 distressing: adj. 令人苦恼的，使人痛苦的

万能句型：

I venture to write to complain about„ For one thing„ For another„

Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another „ or I declare a refund.

询问信 Letter of Inquiry

询问信的主要目的是寻求所需信息，通常包括以下几个方面的内容：首先表明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是要寻求什么样的信息；然后就某一具体问题进行询问；最后表明获取信息的急切心情，可以提供联系方式以便收信人与你联系，并表达你的感谢之情。

写作“三步走”：

自我介绍、说明目的—>具体询问事宜—>表示感谢、期盼回复 Tips:

询问信的语气通常比较正式、和缓，要充分表达感激之情。同时，相比较语气直接的疑问句，用一些能够起到提问作用的陈述句更佳。

Directions:

You and your family are planning for a trip to Hong Kong during the May holiday. Write a letter to a travel agency to explain your travel plans, ask for relevant information, and express your gratitude for a reply. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to ask for information about your agency’s Hong Kong travel pachages

stth

for the May holiday. My family and I plan to travel there from May 1 to 7, in which

period we would like to visit most of the scenic spots and shopping centers. A DIY program would be preferable. It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide us with yoru travel packages and their corresponding price per person, covering both hotel and a return ticket.

I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply as the holiday is approaching. Yours cordially, Li Ming 译文：

尊敬的先生或女士：

我想询问一下贵旅行社在五一假期的香港旅行计划方面的信息。我和我的家人计划在5月1日至7日去香港旅游，期间我们希望能够访问大部分的旅游景点和购物中心。我比较倾向于一个自助旅游的计划。如果您给为我提供一份具体的旅游计划及人均价格、其中包括旅馆和往返机票，我将不胜感激。

由于假期临近，希望您能够尽快回复，谢谢。您真诚的，李明

闪光词汇及词组： scenic spot: 景点

DIY: do it yourself, 自己动手的，自助的 corresponding: adj. 相应的 return ticket: 往返机票 approach: v. 接近，靠近

万能句型：

I am writing to ask for information about„ A DIY program would be preferable.

It would be greatly appreciated if you could provide us with your travel packages and their corresponding price per person, covering both hotel and a return ticket. I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply.

邀请信 Invitation Letter

邀请信是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约。邀请信分为正式邀请信和非正式邀请信。非正式邀请用词比较随便；正式邀请信则是向收信人发出正式邀请，用语和格式均比较规范、严谨。邀请信通常包括以下几个方面的内容：发出邀请；说明邀请对方做什么事；说明活动时间和地点；表达期待或感谢之情。

写作“三步走”：

说明邀请目的—>说明活动安排—>期待尽早回复 Tips:

信中要说明关于活动的详细信息，包括活动时间、地点、内容，有时需要说明参加活动的人员。语气要热情真挚，但不要强人所难。

Directions:

You are going to celebrate your 23 birthday with a big party. Write a letter to invite your friend Anne to the party. In the letter, please specify the time and the location, explain the activities, and express your wish for her attendance. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.

范文： Dear Anne,

I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to my 23 birthday party at my house on this Saturday night, May the 8th. It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. In addition, since you are a fan of rock music, I am glad to tell you that I have invited our campus Rock’n’Roll band, the “Brainbreak”, to perform. There are also arrangements for dancing and cake-cutting, which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy.

The dinner starts at 6 pm so that we can have a nice and long evening. I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision. Love, Li Ming 译文：亲爱的安：

不知你这周六（即5月8日）晚上是否能够来我家参加我的23岁生日派队？我非常想和你一起分享那些重要的时刻。此外，因为你是个摇滚乐歌迷，所以我也很高兴地告诉你，我还邀请到了我们的校园摇滚乐队“Brainbreak”来我的晚会演出。另外我还安排了舞会和切蛋糕等活动，相信你一定会玩得很开心。

晚饭将于6点开始，这样我们就能够享受一个漫长且愉快的夜晚。我非常希望您能够光临我的晚会，请告知我你的决定。谨上，李明

闪光词汇及词组：

fan: n. 歌迷，影迷，爱好者

rock music, Rock’n’Roll: 摇滚音乐 arrangement: n. 安排 cake-cutting: n. 切蛋糕 thoroughly: adv. 十分地，彻底地 presence: n. 出席，到场

万能句型：

I wonder if there is any chance for your to come to„

It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. I am glad to tell you that„

There are also arrangements for „ which I am sure you will thoroughly enjoy. The dinner starts at „ so that we can have a nice and long evening. I would love for you to attend, so please let me know your decision.

祝贺信 Congratulation Letter

祝贺信是社交中的一种礼仪性信函。通常包括以下几个方面的内容：说明祝贺事由，表达热烈、诚挚的祝贺；围绕祝贺事件表述贺喜内容；表达美好祝福。

写作“三步走”：

说明事由并表达自己衷心的祝贺—>展开评论事件、赞扬收信人—>再次表达良好祝愿 Tips:

在写作主要内容的时候，可以重点赞扬一下当事人的优秀能力和取得成就的原因、并展望他将来的美好发展前景等。

Directions:

Your friend Jason is elected as the Chairman of the Students’ Union of your university. Write a letter to congratulate him, state the reason for his success, and express your best wishes and encouragement. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 范文： Dear Jason,

I am much delighted to learn that you have been elected the Chairman of our University Students’ Union. This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement.

The Students’ Union plays an essential role in our campus life. Managing and leveraging such an organization not only poses a great challenge to you, but will also fundamentally enhance your ability comprehensively. I believe this position will be a new beginning, and a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career.

Please accept my most sincere congratulations! Best wishes, Li Ming 译文：亲爱的詹生：

听说你被选为学生会主席，我感到非常高兴。对你来说，这是一个特殊的时刻、一个高兴的时刻，我为你的成就而感到骄傲。

学生会在我们的校园生活中起到了重要的作用，要管理和权衡这个组织对于你提出了一个很大的挑战，同时也将综合地提高你的各方面能力。我相信这是一个新的开始，这个机会将使你拥抱一个充实的生活、并为你将来的灿烂未来打下基础。请接受我最诚挚的祝福！

衷心的祝愿，李明

闪光词汇及词组：

delighted: adj. 高兴的，欣喜的 achievement: n. 成就，功绩 essential: 本质的，基本的，重要的 play a „ role: 起„„的作用 leverage: v. 衡量，利用

pose a challenge to: 给„„带来挑战 fundamentally: adv. 根本上 enhance: v. 提高，增强 comprehensive: adj. 全面的 embrace: v. 拥抱

pave the way for: 为...铺平道路 brilliant: adj. 灿烂的

万能句型：

I am much delighted to learn that„

This is a special and happy moment for you and I am very proud of your achievement. not only„ but also„

I believe this position will be a new beginning, a chance for you to embrace a fuller life and pave the way for a brilliant future career. Please accept my most sincere congratulations!

经典备忘录背诵

写作“三步走”：

写明收文人、发文人、日期和事由—>说明具体事情及原因—>补充细节 Tips:

写备忘录的具体内容之前先把整个格式框架打好，以免时间不够遗忘了细节。活动通知要说明时间、地点、需要做的准备以及其他注意事项。要以正式和礼貌的语气来具体说明和解释事件的原因。

（1）Directions:

You are the organizer of a spring excursion activity in the suburbs of Beijing this weekend. Write a memorandum to remind the students of your department about the following items: the place to visit, the time and place to meet, and preparation for the activity.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 范文：

To: All students of the English Department From: Class Monitor, Li Ming Date: April 15, 2007 Subject: Spring Excursion

As spring arrives and the weather turns to be more agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in suburban Huairou District, which is

not far away from the city of Beijing, on this Sunday, April 20. Activities include mountain-climbing and picnic. All students of the English Department are encouraged to participate. We remind you of the necessity of bringing some food and water, as well as wearing comfortable shoes.

We will meet at the west gate of the university at 9am, Sunday; a bus has been arranged. Please be punctual so that we have enough time to enjoy the beautiful nature. 译文：

收文人：所有英语系学生发文人：班长，李明日期：2007年4月15日主题：春游

随着春天的来临，气候变得更加宜人，本系决定于本周日，即4月20日，组织全系同学去北京市郊的怀柔踏春郊游。具体活动包括爬山和野餐。我们鼓励所有英语系的同学们都积极参与这项活动。我们也要提醒大家带上水、食物和舒适的鞋。

我们将在周日上午9点在学校西门集合等车。请大家准时到达，以便我们有更多的时间享受美好的自然风光。

闪光词汇及词组：

agreeable: adj.惬意的，使人愉快的 spring excursion: 春游 suburban: adj. 郊区的 necessity: n. 必要性，必需品 punctual: adj. 准时的

万能句型：

We remind you of the necessity of„

Please be punctual so that we have enough time to„

（2）Directions:

Suppose you are an HR manager of a company, and your department is organizing a computer course for all the company’s employees. Write a memorandum to the staff about the details of the training, including the purpose and content of the course, the time and place of class, and any other relevant information. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 范文：

To: All full-time employees From: HR Manager, Li Ming Date: May 9, 2007 Subject: Computer course

An investigation conducted by the HR Department last month reveals the fact that a high rate of computer illiteracy contributes to a severe inefficiency of our company. As a result, it has been decided that all full-time employees are to attend a computer course—which will take place every Monday night from 7pm to 9pm in the company meeting room A and B—for the duration of two months. Employees are able to sign up for the basic or advanced levels of the course according to their present computer skills. Please register for the course at the company reception

desk before May 15. Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful. 译文：

收文人：所有全职员工发文人：人力资源经理，李明

日期：2007年5月9日主题：计算机课程

人力资源部上个月进行的一项调查显示，公司的许多人不会使用电脑导致了工作效率的低下。因此，我们决定为所有的全职员工开办一个为期两个月的计算机课程，于每周一晚上7点到9点之间在公司的会议室A和B举行。每个员工都可以根据自己目前的计算机水平选择初级或高级课程。请于5月15日之前到公司接待处报名。欢迎提出更好的意见和建议，是我们的这个项目更加富有成果。

闪光词汇及词组： full-time: adj. 全职的 reveal: v. 揭示，展示，显示 illiteracy: n. 文盲 contribute to: 导致

severe: adj. 严重的，严厉的，严峻的 duration: n. 持续时间，为期 register: v. 登记，注册

万能句型：

„ reveals the fact that„

As a result, it has been decided that„

Further suggestions will be appreciated so that the program can be more fruitful.

经典便笺背诵

写作“三步走”：

日期—>说明事由和目的—>直接署名

Tips:

日期通常写在便笺的右上角。

由于便笺提及的事情通常都是发生在近期的事情，所以日期写明年月即可。开头的称呼通常直接写名字，省略Dear。称呼和最后的署名都比较简单随意。

（1）Directions:

You want to borrow a book from your classmates Kate. Leave her a note which contains the name of the book in need, the time you hope to keep the book, as well as your gratitude.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 范文：

Mar. 8th Kate,

I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. With many thanks,

Li Ming 译文：凯特：

不知你是否可以借我你的那本《MLA学术写作手册》一用呢？我现在正在准备写我的毕业论文，需要不时地参考那本书中的标准格式。因此，我需要这本书大约一个半月的时间，我希望不会因此给你带来麻烦。我保证我会好好保护这本书，不让其受损。如果可能的话，请给我一个电话，我可以来你家取书。非常感谢。

李明

闪光词汇及词组：

in the process of: 在„„的过程中 consult: v. 参考，请教，商议，咨询 now and then: 不时地 standard: 标准的

万能句型：

I wonder if you can„ I assure you that I will„

If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up„ With many thanks,

（2）Directions:

You are going to attend a concert with your friend Peter. Write a note to tell him what the concert is about. Please also specify the time and place of the concert, the price of the ticket, and where you put the ticket. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

范文：

Sep.20th Peter,

Do you remember I mentioned last week that the famous young Chinese pianist Lang Lang is going to hold a concert on our campus? Well, I succeeded in buying two cheapest tickets for both of us, that is, 20 yuan each. I hear that Lang Lang plans to present a diverse combination of works of classical musicians such as Beethoven, Bach and Mozart., which surely will satisfy enthusiastic followers of classical music like you and me. The concert starts at 7pm this Saturday night, and I have left ticket on your desk beside your laptop. See you at the concert.

Lin Ming 译文：彼得：

你还记得我上周提起过著名的年轻华人钢琴演奏家朗朗将在我们学校举办音乐会么？我成功地给我们两个人买到了两张票，是最便宜的20元每张。我听说朗朗计划演奏许多著名古典音乐家的作品，包括贝多芬、巴赫和莫扎特，这一定能满足像你我这样的古典音乐爱好者的愿望。音乐会将在周六晚上7点开始，我把票放在了你的桌上，在笔记本电脑旁边。音乐会上见！

李明

闪光词汇及词组：

succeed in sth/doing sth: 成功地做某事 diverse: adj. 不同的，多样的

classical musicians, classical music: 古典音乐家，古典音乐 enthusiastic: 热心的，热情的 follower: n. 追随者

laptop: n. 笔记本电脑（相应的台式机可以成为desktop）

经典告示背诵

写作“三步走”：

写明相关信息，如时间、地点等—>简单说明活动内容或背景—>署名 Tips:

一般告示类文体都需要写标题，如Notice或者Announcement。

告示类文体主要用于说明或者传达某件事情、某项活动等，重在言简意赅。

如果是关于活动的通知，需要说明活动的内容、时间、地点、参加人员范围以及其它必要细节。

在告示结尾一般需要写上贴出告示的单位或者个人。

（1）Directions:

Suppose you are an secretary of the English Department of X University. Write a notice to inform the teachers and students of this department of a lecture on crosscultural studies.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 范文：

Notice

There is going to be a lecture, titled “Across Cultures: Digital Media and Literate Activity”, in the meeting room of the English Department from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on Monday, July 11th. The lecture will be given by Professor Robert Johnson, who is from the Department of Englsih

Literature of University of Pennsylvania. Professor Johnson is known for his unique probing of the many connections between literate activity and new information technologies. He will present, in his humorous style, the relation he found between culture and technological development, which you surely will enjoy very much.

All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture.

English Department

译文：

通知

7月11日周一上午9点至11点将在英语系会议室举办一场题为“跨越文化：数码媒体和文化活动”的讲座。主讲人为罗伯特.约翰逊教授，来自宾西法尼亚大学的英语文学系。约翰逊教授对文化活动和新的信息技术之间的关系做了非常独到的研究，并因此而闻名。他将以幽默的风格展示他在文化和技术发展之间关系上的研究成果，相信你们都会很感兴趣。欢迎广大师生来参加本次讲座。

英语系

闪光词汇及词组： title: v. 以„„为标题

literate: adj. 有文化的，都读写能力的 probe: v. 探查、探明 humorous: adj. 幽默的

万能句型：

There is going to be a lecture, titled„ in the meeting room of „fromom 10:00 to 12:00 on Monday, July 11th.

„which you surely will enjoy very much.

All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture.

（2）Directions:

The famous opera “Cat” will be presented the theatre of your university You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. 范文：

Notice

Due to bad weather condition, the badminton competition, organized by the College Badminton Club, will not be held in the “May Fouth” Field as it was scheduled. Instead, it will be moved to the Haidian Gymnasium, which is about ten mininutes’ walk from the university. All club members, competitors, and audience students will

meet in front of the West Gate of the university at 9:00 a.m., June 5, to go there togehter. For those who will go by themselves, please refer to the map in below. The event will be last from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a. m. Cold drinks and snacks will be provided in the gymnasium.

College Badminton Club

译文：

通知

由于天气状况不佳，学院羽毛球俱乐部举办的羽毛球比赛原定于在五四运动场的计划将取消。活动将转移到距离学校10分钟路程的海淀体育馆举办。所有的俱乐部成员、参赛者、学生观众将于6月5日上午9点在学校的西门集合，一起前往体育馆。单独前往的同学，请参考下面的地图。活动时间为9：30到11：30。我们将在体育馆中提供冷饮和零食。

学院羽毛球俱乐部

闪光词汇及词组：

badminton: n. 羽毛球 field: n. 运动场 schedule: v. 确定时间 gymnasium: n. 体育馆 snack: n. 零食，小吃

身体健康类

（1）1997年真题。Directions:

Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120 words.

Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1. Interpret the following pictures.

2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons. 真题分析：

这是典型的图表+提纲式的命题，题目中提供的材料十分丰富，包括柱状图、饼状图以及其他相关数据。组图充分反映了当代烟草消费的规模、危害和趋势，是人们普遍关心的热点话题之一。通过对组图的分析，我们可以看出烟草在全世界有着十分庞大的消费群体规模，每年因为烟草消费消耗的资金数额大得惊人，同时也有数以百万计的人由于烟草消费而被夺去了生命。当然，我们从图中也可以发现一个令人欣喜的趋势，那就是烟草的总产量在近几年呈下降的态势，一定程度上说明了烟草消费引起的健康问题开始得到了人们的重视，并出现了相关的解决措施。

本题的难点在于图表给的信息量太大，考生如何最恰当地在全文中使用数据将决定文章的质量。如果一味将所有数据都堆在第一段，会造成第一段过于冗长，全文头重脚轻。在下面的范文中，图表数字得到了灵活的运用，比较得体。比如文章在一开始先用烟民人数占全世界人数的比例来说明了烟草消费的巨大规模，然后又通过该行业消耗的人民财产和生命进一步说明产业之大、对人类危害之重。而至于第一幅图中关于烟草产量的数字则被用到了第二段中来说明未来的趋势，非常得体、恰当。

思路拓展：

近年来国人越来越关注健康问题，随着2008年北京奥运会的即将到来，在中国更是掀起了全民健身的热潮。因此健康问题将是中国社会的一个长期热点问题，考生应该在这方面积累素材、有所准备。相关话题可以引申到知识分子的身体健康问题、全民健身热潮、健康意识、锻炼身体的习惯、健康与安全等等，这些都是平时经常可以遇到的一些话题。范文：

Tobacco is one of the commodities that are consumed in an immense amount worldwide. From the pictures, we can learn that the global smoking population amounts to 1.1 billion, approximately 20% of all the worlds’ residents. 200 billion dollars are spent annually in order to purchase tobacco and relevant products, which further stimulate the business’ flourishing development. Meanwhile, the harm caused by tobacco consumption is experiencing a similar upward trend—statistics indicates that 3,000,000 people die of smoking and related diseases every year.

Nevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that tobacco consumption will decline based on several new tendencies that are emerging. In the first place, there is an extensive public awareness of the negative impact of smoking, and as a result, more people resist the tempetation of cigarettes. In the second place, governments are setting more regulations to limit tobacco production. The effectiveness of such a policy was testified by the prompt drop of the tobacco production from 14.364 billion in 1994 pounds to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 as seen in the picture.

In short, I firmly believe that, with the efforts of the whole society, we can launch more movements to realize a cleaner world with less smoking. 译文：

烟草是一种在全世界有着巨大消费量的商品。从图中我们可以看出，全世界的烟民已经到达了11亿，约占全世界总人口的20%。人们每年花在购买烟草以及相关产品的费用就达20亿美元，进一步促进了烟草业的繁荣。同时，烟草消费带来的危害也日益增长——统计数据显示每年有300万人死于由抽烟引起的相关疾病。

尽管目前的数据非常悲观，但是从一些新的趋势中，我们可以乐观地预测烟草消费将会有所下降。首先，公众普遍意识到了抽烟的负面效应，因此，越来越多的人拒绝烟瘾。其次，各国政府正在制定各项措施限制烟草的生产。图中显示烟草生产从1994年的143.64亿磅下降到了1995年的14.2亿磅，这就证明了政府措施的有效性。

总而言之，我坚信在全社会的努力下，我们可以发起更多的运动，来实现一个更干净的无烟世界。

闪光词汇及词组：

in an immense amount: 以极大的数量 amount to: 达到，总计

approximately: adv. 大约，近似 annually: adv. 年度地，每年一次 purchase: v./ n. 采购，购买

flourishing: adj. 繁荣的，欣欣向荣的 decline: 下降、衰落 emerge: v. 出现，浮出 temptation: n. 诱惑 testify: v. 测试

launch: v. 发行，发起，投入

万能句型：

From the pictures, we can learn that„

Nevertheless, given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that

In the first place „ In the second place „ In short, I firmly believe that

(2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) state your point of view. You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2. 知识分子健康差寿命短范文：

The picture depicts a typical Chinese scholar who keeps working late at night, while the presence of his wife and child behind clearly indicates the man’s pressure of supporting a whole family. What is strikingly noticeable is the scholar’s exceptional skinniness, but it can be easily explained by the simple food, bottles of medicine, and poor working environment shown in the picture.

The discernable unhealthiness of this hard-working scholar discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in China’s academia. Intellectuals are not highly respected and they enjoy unsatisfactory material benefits with particularly

unattractive salaries due to low social position. In addition, family, social, and academic stresses are so immensely exerted on intellectuals that they are forced to work diligently and ceaselessly. As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture shows us.

The situation is rather depressing because intellectuals in fact contribute greatly to our country’s development, and it is largely owing to their painstaking efforts that pave the way for advancement and prosperity. To solve this problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend of showing respect to knowledge and intellects, and those who endeavor to explore new knowledge should be rewarded with good living and working conditions. 译文：

这幅图刻画了一个典型的中国知识分子的形象，他一直工作到深夜，背后的妻子和孩子显示了他有着很大的养家的压力。值得我们注意的是这个学者格外削瘦，但这很容易通过图中简单的食物、药罐以及较差的工作环境得到解释。

这个勤奋学者的不健康状况显示出中国学术界一个长期存在的现象。一方面，知识分子没有受到尊重，他们享受的物质条件也非常差，尤其是由于他们的社会地位很低，他们的工资也相应地非常少。另一方面，知识分子们承担着巨大的家庭、社会和学术压力，导致他们被迫非常勤奋地不停地工作。因此，恶劣的生活条件和巨大的工作压力自然导致他们较差的健康和较短的寿命，正如图中告诉我们的那样。

这种情况非常令人失望，因为知识分子实际上对我们国家的发展做出了巨大的贡献，而且正是因为他们的不懈努力引向了我国的发达和繁荣。为了解决这个问题，我认为全社会要掀起尊重知识、尊重知识分子的高潮，而那些辛勤地探索新知识的人们应该得到较好的工作和生活环境等回报。

闪光词汇及词组：

exceptional: adj. 例外的，特别的 skinniness: n. 消瘦

discernable: adj. 可观察到的，可辨别的 disclose: v. 揭露，透露 prevalent: n. 普遍的，流行的 academia: n. 学术界

immensely: adv. 非常，广大的，巨大的 diligently: adv 勤勉地 life-span: n. 寿命 painstaking: adj. 努力的

pave the way to: 为„„铺平道路，为„„做好准备 endeavor: v. 努力，尽力

万能句型：

The picture depicts„

What is strikingly noticeable is„

The situation is rather depressing because„ To solve the problem, I think there should be„ „ it is largely owing to„

职业道德类

1998年真题。Directions:

Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1. Write out the message conveyed by the cartoon. 2. Give your comments. 真题分析：

本题是考研短文作文中采用漫画来作为试题的第一次尝试。图中一只母鸡在高唱产品承诺，但是我们看一看其承诺会不禁哑然失笑，因为所谓的“承诺”只不过的它的本分。漫画形象生动了反映了当今社会上一个普遍而又奇怪的现象，也就是商家故意混淆“吹嘘”和“分内事”之间的关系，从而误导消费者。

本题的难点在于考生需要从大量的文字信息中找到中心思想。这里的一大忌讳就是盲目翻译打油诗和母鸡的承诺，因为这不仅会占用很多字数，而且不伦不类的翻译还会降低文章的质量。这就进一步说明了在写作图画作文的时候，抓住中心思想、提炼观点才是关键。思路拓展：

职业道德问题也是中国的经济和社会发展中一个值得人们长期关注的关键问题之一。在市场经济大潮中，许多人在利益的驱使下纷纷都失去了道德和理智，以假冒伪劣产品和劣质的服务来欺瞒消费者，损害消费者的利益。相关话题还包括近年来社会上大力抨击的商业欺诈问题，以及努力倡导“诚信”原则等。相关的领域几乎可以囊括各行各业，包括工业制造业、商业、教育、医药、娱乐界等等热门行业和产业。考生应该注意在平时搜集相关资料，做到举一反三。

范文：

The cartoon presents a hen singing proudly about her promise of producing good-quality eggs. However, a quick glance at her words reveals ironically that the so-called “promise”—round eggs composed of the three necessary parts of shell, white and yolk—is, as a matter of fact, what a hen is supposed to produce. The hen mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is, businesses utilize the basic features of their products and services as the selling points for their advertisement campaigns. These “beautiful promises” tend to shape a false impression in the consumers’ mind that the products and services are of extraordinary characteristics. In this sense, the promise of one’s own responsibility is like a method of cheating, and is quite against professional morals, although there is no evidence of dishonesty if the words are examined literally. In my point of view, other than promising what one should do, the secret for business success is to have the consumers understand what extra advantages they would be provided with. Such an initiative can push businesses to conduct profound research, dedicate themselves to innovation, and concentrate on quality improvement and perfection, thus leading to healthy industry development and positive social effects. Consequently, businesses themselves are surely to benefit more from a wholesome market environment. 译文：

这幅漫画显示了一只母鸡正在骄傲地高歌其生产的优质鸡蛋。可是瞥一眼她说的话，我们就能发现所谓的“承诺”—即下蛋不见棱角，保证蛋皮、蛋清和蛋黄—其实是任何母鸡应该做的事情。

这只母鸡反映了现在社会上普遍存在的一个典型现象，即一些商家在广告中故意用产品和服务的基本特征来作为宣传的噱头。这些“美丽的承诺”给消费者们造成了虚假的印象，使他们认为面对着的产品和服务拥有一些非凡的特点。从这个意义上来说，对于自己本该履行的责任的承诺就好像商业欺骗，违反了职业道德，尽管从字面上来说没有欺诈的痕迹。我认为，商业成功的秘密不在于承诺做自己应该做的事情，而是应该让消费者得到额外的好处。这会促使企业加大和深入研究工作、致力于创新、关注产品质量的提高和完善，从而取得健康的产业发展和积极的社会效应。商家自身也会因此从一个更加健康的市场环境中得到更多的好处。

闪光词汇及词组：

so-called: 所谓的

as a matter of fact: 实际上 utilize: v. 利用

selling points: adj. 卖点 tend to: 易于，倾向于

in this sense: 在这个意义上，

万能句型：

The cartoon presents„

However, a quick glance at „ reveals ironically that„ „ mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is„ In my point of view„Consequently „

职业道德类

1998年真题。Directions:

Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1. Write out the message conveyed by the cartoon. 2. Give your comments. 真题分析：

译文：

闪光词汇及词组： so-called: 所谓的

as a matter of fact: 实际上 utilize: v. 利用

selling points: adj. 卖点 tend to: 易于，倾向于

in this sense: 在这个意义上，

万能句型：

The cartoon presents„

However, a quick glance at „ reveals ironically that„ „ mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is„ In my point of view„Consequently „

人口增长类

（1）1999年真题。Directions:

Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1. Effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife 2. Possible reason for the effect.

3. Your suggestion for wildlife protection. 真题分析：

本题为多年来考研作文短文题目中仅有的一道纯图表题目。图中只给出了一大一小两幅简单的线形图，要求考生分析两幅图之间的关系，总结出题目的主题和内涵。

针对本题，我们所要做的第一步是仔细阅读图中的文字说明和数据，特别注意数据的变化趋势。但是，在文章中切忌简单罗列所有数据，不仅会使文章无端地增加长度，还会使考官无法抓住文章主题。对于数据的处理一般都是进行概括分析，仅举几个典型的数据为例来说明问题。

第一幅线形图中，美国人口在1800年至1980年至短短200年之间增长了近250倍，而从1700年至1900年200年间美国的生物灭绝速度却增加了70倍。人口增长的速度和物种灭绝的速度正好成正比。由此可以推断，题目要求考生认清这两者之间的关系，认识到人口的增长和扩展严重威胁到了物种的生存，从而要求考生在文章中分析问题产生的原因，提出解决方案。思路拓展：

人口的失控增长是近几十年来全球的热点话题之一。人口的扩张不是一个简单的问题，而是涉及空间、资源控制、生态平衡、环境污染、经济发展、社会保障和福利等等一系列、全方位涉及到人类在地球上生存和发展的问题。当今世界上的许多疾病、矛盾、甚至是战争，都是由于人口爆炸而引起的。此外，人口问题还涉及到人口质量、身体健康、性别比例、人口增长与财富分配、老龄化等常见话题。考生可以在平时的新闻报道中找到足够的信息，而可以多找一些报纸杂志上的评论文章上阅读，为自己积累论点和论据等。范文：

Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected

connection between growing human population and decreasing wild species. As the two graphs obviously portrayed, American population in 1980 was 250 times than that in 1800, a trend accompanied by the extinction of nearly 70 kinds of wildlife in the past 300 years. A clear correlation is suggested that mankind has exerted a tremendously negative influence on natural species.

There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency. First and foremost, to satisfy the space demand for the booming population, the only available solution for Americans is to take occupation of forests and grassland. that used to be habitat of wild animals and plants. Furthermore, the process of

industrialization and urbanization has generated severe pollution that essentially destroys environment and ecosystem.

In my point of view, the dearth of wildlife today forecasts an unpromising future for humans tomorrow. In order to eliminate species extinction, relevant laws and regulations must be established and enforced to maintain a large portion of unspoiled areas. Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that the impact of pollution be removed. 译文：

近来人们开始普遍关注以前被忽略的人口增长和自然物种减少之间的关系。正如两幅图表显示，1980年的美国人口是1900年的250倍，同时在过去的300年间大约有70种野生生物在美国灭绝。这清楚地表明人类给自然物种带来了巨大的负面影响。

以上趋势是由诸多原因造成的。首先，为了满足迅速增长的人口对于空间的需求，对于美国人来说最有效的解决办法就是占据森林、草原等其他动植物的天堂。此外，工业化和城市化的进程造成了严重的污染，在根本上摧毁了环境和生态系统。

我认为，今天野生生物生命权的被剥夺预示着将来人类并不明朗的前景。为了减少物种灭绝，应该制定相关的法律法规、强制保护更多的地区保持其原始状态。应该采取有效的措施来减少污染的影响。

闪光词汇及词组：

exert an influence: 对„„造成影响 booming: adj. 急速发展的 take occupation of: 占据，占有

generate: v. 产生，发生 ecosystem: n. 生态系统 dearth: n. 缺乏

unpromising: adj. 没有前途的，没有希望的 eliminate: v. 排除，消除

unspoiled: adj. 未损坏的，为开发的

万能句型：

Currently, there is a widespread concern about the previously neglected connection between„

As the two graphs obviously portray„ „ is a trend accompanied by„

A clear correlation is suggested that„

There are many factors responsible for the aforementioned tendency. First and foremost „ Furthermore„

Effective measures should also be applied to ensure that„

环境保护类背诵

2000年真题Directions:

Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.

Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:

1. Describe the pictures

2. Deduce the purpose of the artist of the pictures. 3. Suggest counter-measures. 真题分析：

本题的题目是一组图，其中上下两幅图形成了鲜明的对比。考生需要抓住的细节包括年代的差别（分别是1900年和1995年，相隔约一个世纪）、渔船数量的差别、海洋中鱼的数量差别。这时只要简单地加以分析就可以发现，画图者的意图是警告人们，如果人类继续无节制地开发自然资源，那么总有一天自然资源将会彻底枯竭，最终威胁到人类自己的生存。考生需要分析画图者的本意，并提出相应的解决措施。

这里需要再次提醒的一点是，在第一段描述图中内容时，要用过去时来说明两个不同年代的情况。思路拓展：

环境问题是一个涉及内容十分广泛的话题，包括环境污染、沙漠化、森林退化、资源枯竭、全球变暖、生态失衡，同时还与人口增长、经济发展、能源开发等一系列社会问题紧密相连。从根本上来说，这都是由于人类无休止地向地球索取、而没有采取合适的方法来回报地球，造成地球的产能已经无法承受如此巨大的负担。考生在文章中可以提出，要彻底解决环境问题，需要各国政府和全世界每一个人的通力合作，需要唤醒所有人的环境保护意识，用所有可能的措施，包括政治和经济上的合作、全社会的大力倡导、法律的介入等一系列措施来治理这一问题。范文：

The picture unveils a drastic change of ocean ecology during the past century due to the expanding scale of world commercial fishing. There were few fishing ships on the sea in 1900 when an enormous number of fish swam freely; in contrast, in 1995 a large fleet of ships were endeavoring to search for the only fish in the sea. The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us of the detrimental deterioration of oceanic ecosystem by the greediness of mankind. The industry of commercial fishing had undergone a booming expansion along with the growing public awareness of the merits of seafood, which made fishing unusually profitable. Lacking knowledge regarding the significance of ecological balance, businessmen sent out ships that insatiably chased fishes and thus posed a severe threat to all life in the sea. However, this trend may in turn endanger humankind. To prevent the exhaustion of ocean resources, governments should unite to work out effective measures against commercial fishing. For instance, there should be

limitations on fishing time and location so as to reduce the exploitation of the sea. Moreover, people also call for laws and regulations that are responsible for punishing excessive fishing. Last but not the least, the public attachment to the importance of balance preservation would play a decisive role in saving ocean species from extinction. 译文：

该图显示出20世纪以来由于全球商业捕鱼业的大规模扩张而导致海洋生态系统的巨大变化。1900年的时候海上只有一艘船，而海里有许许多多鱼儿在自由地遨游；相反，到了1995年，海上有许多渔船，它们都在努力寻找海里仅剩的一条鱼。

该图所显示出来的巨大反差使我们警醒地意识到人们的贪婪给海洋生态系统造成了巨大的破坏。随着公众意识到了海鲜食品的价值，商业捕鱼也在不断扩张，而且有着十分高的利润率。由于商人们缺少对于生态平衡的认识，他们的渔船无休止地捕鱼，给海洋生物的生存造成了巨大的威胁。但是，这个趋势可能最终会反过来威胁到人类自己的生存。为了防止海洋资源的枯竭，各个政府必须联合起来，对商业捕鱼采取有效的措施。例如，为了防止过度捕捞，可以限制捕鱼的时间和地点。此外，人们还呼吁制定更多的法律法规来惩罚过度捕捞。最后，公众对于保持生态平衡重要性的认识对于拯救濒临灭绝的海洋生物起到了决定性的作用。

闪光词汇及词组： expanding: adj. 扩张的 scale: n. 规模

enormous: adj. 巨大的，庞大的 search for: 寻找 detrimental: adj. 有害的 deterioration: n. 退化，变坏 along with: 与„„一起 profitable: adj. 有利可图的 insatiably: adv. 不知足地

pose a threat to: 对„„造成威胁 endanger: v. 危及

exploitation: n. 开发，开采 call for: 要求

excessive: adj. 过多的，过分的

万能句型：

The picture unveils a drastic change of„

The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us„ Lacking knowledge regarding„

情感类背诵

（1）2001年真题。Directions:

Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.

There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to:

1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below, 2) give a specific example, and

3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

本题的出题者预设了一个情景，即最近报纸上正在进行关于“爱”的大讨论，要求考生根据给出的图为报社写一篇相关的文章。其实无论题目中是否给出了一个具体的情景，对于考生的写作基本上没有什么大的影响。考生可以简单考虑或者忽略给定情景，而专注于对图画的分析和解读。

这幅图内容非常简单，一盏画着笑脸火焰的油灯，以及上面的一行字“爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮”，相当于中国古语中“雪中送炭”的效果。该图的寓意非常深刻，说明人们在困境中得到的帮助是非常珍贵的，从而鼓励人人在他人困难的时候献出爱心，互相帮助。思路拓展：

情感类的题目也可以联系到人际关系、社会道德和风气、情商教育等相关领域。这与中国现在正在建设的社会主义精神文明和社会主义和谐社会的努力是一致的，因此我们可以找到很多相关的素材，包括好人好事、典型事迹等，都可以为考生在作文中所用。范文：

The light of an oil lamp is approximately insignificant in the daytime; however, the darker the environment is, the more brilliant it seems, just as is depicted in the picture. The importance of love, to some extent, can be interpreted according to a similar logic—love is more precious when it is given to those who are in difficulties and adversities.

To specify this statement, I would like to take Kong Fansen as an example. Kong, instead of settling for his comfortable official position in the rich and well-off Province of Shandong, volunteered to serve in a most backward area in Tibet where the weather is notoriously abominable. Kong was consistently dedicated to the fulfillment of the principle of “serving the people”, and he always appeared at the most critical moments of local residents’ hardship and impediment. Freezing as it was in Tibet, Kong’s love and care largely warmed people’s hearts. Kong’s story, suggest that the best practice to show love is to help those who are in need. We should always be ready to provide assistance to others, even if it is merely minor things like listening to others’ troubles. A little of our generosity might brighten the whole world of the unfortunate. 译文：

一盏灯的灯光在白天的时候是无关紧要的；但是，当周围环境越黑的时候，灯光就显得越明亮，就像图中所示的那样。在某种程度上，爱的重要性可以用相同的逻辑来进行解释——当人们处于困难或者逆境中的时候，他们得到的爱就越珍贵。

为了具体说明这个问题，我将以孔繁森作为一个例子。孔繁森没有在富裕和小康的山东省满足于其领导岗位，而是主动要求去西藏一个气候恶劣的落后地区服务。他坚持致力于实现“为人民服务”的原则，总是在当地群众遇到困难的关键时刻出现。虽然西藏严寒无比，但孔繁森的关爱却温暖了人们的心。

孔繁森的故事告诉了我们，给予爱的最好方式就是帮助那些需要帮助的人。我们应该随时给予别人帮助，即使只是做一些小事情，诸如倾听别人述说烦恼。我们的一份慷慨也许会点亮不幸的人们那灰暗的世界。

闪光词汇及词组：

approximately: adv. 近似地，大约 to some extent: 在某种程度上 adversity: n. 不幸，逆境 settle for: 满足于 well-off: adj. 小康的 volunteer: v. 志愿做 notoriously: adv. 臭名昭著地 abominable: adj. 讨厌的，令人憎恶的 be dedicated to: 致力于 impediment: n. 妨碍，阻碍

万能句型：

„just as is depicted in the picture.

To specify this statement, I would like to take „ as an example.

A little of our generosity might brighten the whole world of the unfortunate.

文化交流类背诵

（1）2002年真题。Directions:

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures-National and International”. In the essay you should:

1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2) give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

本题体现了考研短文出题的多样性，采用了一张照片而不是传统的图画。这张照片十分具有感染力，但其中的难点是考生如何分析出图画的主题。我们可以看到题目中提示我们照片是一个美国女孩，因此我们可以将她引申为西方文化和思想的代表。而她身穿的中式服装则是中国传统和文化的代表。这身中式服装显然很适合美国女孩，而且女孩脸上甜蜜的笑容也说明她非常喜欢自己的装束。因此，我们可以认为这种和谐的氛围代表了西方人对于中国文化的接受、欣赏和认同。这就是本题的大致分析思路。

考生可以结合当今世界的全球化趋势来说明文化既是民族的，也是世界的。中国应当在国内外大力弘扬其优秀的传统文化，吸引全世界的眼球，并达到中国和世界各国文化的共同发展。思路拓展：

通过这道真题我们可以很容易联想到，在信息时代的今天，世界缩小成为了一个“地球村”，交流和联系变得十分方便。这使得全世界的人民抛弃了先前的民族、种族、国家等各种偏见，随着经济和贸易往来、政治交涉的日益频繁，各国人民的文化交流也更加密切，增进了彼此之间的欣赏和认同感。考生可以指出各国人民之间通过增进交流和理解，有助于保持和平、实现人类的共同发展、进步和繁荣。范文：

It is a very eye-catching photo in which an American girl is content in showing her traditional Chinese costume. She fits perfectly in the well-decorated hat, earrings, and splendid robe that apparently originate from a Southern Chinese ethnic group. What makes this picture extraordinary is the girl’s moving smile, which clearly indicates a westerner’s recognition and appreciation of Chinese culture. The sense of harmony that permeates this picture is representative of a new global tendency, that is, people of different nations begin to seek profound mutual understanding and friendly communication. As a result, cultures become international. China, in particular, unveils its previously mysterious image to the rest of the world by its open policy, and thus provides foreigners with the access of a rich and diversified gallery of traditional Chinese culture. The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by the recent years’ fashion to celebrate the traditional Chinese new year—the Spring Festival globally.

While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary. The contemporary globalization is not only featured by frequent international trades, economic and political exchanges, but more importantly, by global citizens’ awareness and comprehension of the cultures in the world. I firmly believe that the blend of cultures is contributing, and will contribute more, to world peace, development, and prosperity. 译文：

这是一幅非常吸引人的照片，上面一位美国姑娘在非常满意地展示她的中式服装。这套服装包括了有着多彩装饰的帽子、耳环和漂亮的袍子，很显然是来自中国南方少数民族的传统服饰，女孩穿着非常合身。令这张照片显得非常特别的是这个美国女孩的动人笑容，体现出她对中国文化的认可和欣赏。

弥漫在这幅照片中的那种和谐氛围是当今一个全球潮流的典型代表，即来自不同国家的人们开始寻找彼此间深入的理解和友好的交流，因此，文化变得更加国际化。特别是中国正在揭开其先前的神秘面纱，通过对外开放政策向世界展示自己，为外国人提供了解丰富和多样的中国传统文化的途径。这种交流的效果的最好例证就是在近年来，全球兴起了一个新的流行趋势，那就是庆祝中国的传统新年——春节。

人们都属于不同的国家，但是文化是没有国界的。当代全球化的特点不仅仅只是更频繁的国际贸易、经济以及政治上的交流，而更重要的是全世界人民对于世界上各种文化的认识和理解。我坚信各种文化的融合正在给，也将会给世界的和平、发展和繁荣做出越来越多的贡献。

闪光词汇及词组：

splendid: adj. 极好的 originate from: 来源于 permeate: v. 弥漫，充满 mutual: adj. 相互的 unveil: v. 揭开

diversified: adj. 多样化的 gallery: n. 画廊，陈列室 feature: v. 以„为特点 comprehension: n. 理解 blend: n. 融合

万能句型：

It is a very eye-catching photo in which„

While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary.

教育类背诵

（1）2003年真题。Directions:

Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and 2) point out its implications in our life. You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 真题分析：

这又是一组对比的组图，非常简单明了。两张图的大背景都是暴风雨交加的恶劣天气，在左边的图中，花朵在温室中绚烂地开放；而右图中，同样的一朵花在离开了温室之后就黯然凋谢了。组图题为“温室花朵经不起风雨”，考生稍加分析就可以发现该图并不只是谈论花朵，而更是指向了我们平时所说的“祖国的花朵”们，也就是孩子们，这就自然而然地和社会问题联系在了一起。中国在实施了计划生育之后，独生子女们成为了家里的“小皇帝”、“小公主”，受到全家人的百般呵护，从小就在蜜罐中长大。这些孩子们人生道路几乎都是一帆风顺，没有经历过大的困难和挫折，因此一旦离开了父母的保护，就很容易由于经不起各种社会现实的打击而一蹶不振。通过这番分析，我们就可以得出文章的主要论点，即受到过分溺爱的孩子们经不起挫折和逆境。思路拓展：

独生子女成长的问题在很大程度上牵涉到了中国的教育制度和教育方法等全方位的问题。我们可以联想到现阶段在教育界存在的其他热点问题，如传统灌输教育和素质教育之间的关系、孩子的学习和娱乐之间的关系、学生们的全面发展问题、教育费用和教育负担的问题、教育质量的问题、城乡教育制度差别的问题、教育公平性问题等等。这些问题都是平时政府、民众和媒体非常关注的问题，考生借助自己的大学生活背景也能够了解许多相关的情况。应该说，教育类的话题对于考生说是一个比较熟悉、也相对比较简单容易的话题。范文：

As the title indicates, “greenhouse flowers cannot survive unpleasant weather”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that excessive protection only leads to negative results. When a flower blossoms in the greenhouse despite of the external rain and thunder, it withers immediately once being moved out of its cozy haven. Children in China are always compared to “the flowers of our motherland”. It is alarming that a large portion of them are in danger of experiencing a similar misfortune to the flower in the picture. This is partly attributed to the birth of a generation of “only children”, who are quite pampered and spoiled by their parents. Leading a life full of success, love and sweetness, these children are quite ignorant of failure, hardship, and the taste of tears that abound in real life. Therefore, when they leave home, they might be overly sensitive to frustration and easily suffer depression that prevents them from a happy and promising future. This type of child is not what we hope for the future of our country. On the contrary, we need to nurture a generation that is fully prepared for independent life, so that it is ready to confront any challenge, adapt to changes of environment, and survive the heated competition in today’s world. 译文：

正如该图的题目所显示的那样，“温室里的花朵经不起风雨”，这组图画清楚地告诉我们过度的保护只会导致负面的结果。当外面打雷下雨的时候，一朵花却能在温室中生机勃勃地开放。可是一旦离开了这个舒适的避难所来到外面的时候，这朵花立刻就凋谢了。在中国，孩子经常被比作“祖国的花朵”。但是，令人担忧的是很多孩子有可能经历图中花朵的不幸。部分原因可以归结为“独生子女”一代的出生，这些孩子都被他们的父母惯坏了。他们的生活中只充满了成功、爱和甜蜜，而他们都不懂什么是失败、艰难，也很少尝过眼泪的滋味，但是实际生活中却是充满了失败、艰难和眼泪的。因此，他们可能会对挫折过于敏感、也很容易及沉湎于忧郁，使他们在踏入社会以后没有一个幸福和充满前景的未来。这一类孩子决不是我们国家未来需要的人才。相反，我们需要培育一代能够独立生活的孩子，他们随时准备面对任何挑战、随时适应环境的变化、并能够在现代社会的激烈竞争中生存下来。

闪光词汇及词组：

excessive: adj. 过度的，过分的 blossom: v. 开花 external: adj. 外部的 wither: v. 枯萎

cozy: adj. 舒适的，安逸的 haven: n. 避难所

a large portion of: 很大一部分 misfortune: n. 不幸，灾祸 abound in: 富于 nurture: v. 教育，养育

万能句型：

The set of pictures apparently reminds us that„ This partly attributes to„

人生价值类背诵

（1）2004年真题。Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) support your view with examples.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 真题分析：

本题承袭了考研漫画内容简洁、寓意深刻的风格。一个满头大汗的运动员正冲破了一次长跑比赛的终点，而在终点的不远处，赫然标着两个大字“起点”。通过漫画的题目“终点又是新起点”，考生很容易就可以抓住本题的中心论点：在人生道路上，我们不能仅仅满足于一两次的成功，而只有不断地追求，我们才能取得进步和发展。这也符合哲学上事物是不断发展的这一趋势和真理。针对这类人生奋斗类的题型，一般提纲都会要求考生举出事例，即使提纲没有要求，考生最好也能够写出一两个事例，以增强文章的说服力。一般来说，在这种情况下，举残疾人、先进人物等的例子会比较切题，有效地加强文章的力度。思路拓展：（见下题）范文：

The picture presents a young runner who just finishes a long run and arrives at the finish line, sweating and smiling. While he stand at the end, a sign stating “beginning” lies not far away from his position, indicating that “an end means a new beginning”.

It is true that when a runner reaches the end of one race, he needs to realize that his immediate task is how to achieve the next goal, instead of indulging the past glory and accomplishment. The identical truth applies to every individual, organization, and nation, that setting new goals continuously is the source of advancement.

The deaf and mute American girl Helen Keller is a typical example of our case, as she had spent her whole life struggling and striving for one goal after another.

It is not surprising that she finally turned out to be an excellent writer. Equally, businesses and industries should keep setting new tasks in order to preserve their competitiveness. Microsoft, for instance, never ceases creating new products the company launched Vista, Office 2007 and Exchange Server recently though it is already being such a huge conglomerate. In short, it is non-stop efforts that lead to progress. 译文：

该图展示了一个运动员刚完成一场赛跑、达到终点，他满头大汗但是却非常满意地微笑着。在他所站的终点标志附近，该图标出了“起点”的标志，说明了“终点是新的起点”。确实，当一个运动员跑到终点的时候，他必须马上意识到他的下一个任务是达到新的目标，而不是沉湎于过去的荣耀和成就。同样的道理也适用于每一个个人、组织、以及国家，即不断地设立新的目标才能不断地前进。

聋哑的美国女孩海伦.凯勒是这方面的一个典型例子，因为她一生都在为一个接一个的目标而努力和奋斗。因此，她最后变成了一个优秀的作家并不令人惊讶。同样的，工商界如果想要保持它们的竞争力，就要不断地为自己设立新任务。例如，微软公司作为如此大型的一个集团，也从来没有停止创造新产品的脚步，该公司在最近发布了Vista, Office 2007 和Exchange Server三大产品。总的来说，永不停止的努力才能引领进步和发展。

闪光词汇及词组：

sweating and smiling: 这里我们要介绍英语中的一种特殊的修辞方法，叫做

alliteration，即“头韵”。一般在汉语以及英语中我们讲究压尾韵，而英语中经常可以把一些开头的辅音相同的单词组合在一起，读起来也非常琅琅上口。考生如果能在平时有意识地收集这些头韵组合，在考试中用上一两个，会大大为文章添彩。类似的短语还有我们在“经典应用文背诵”部分中提到的safe and sound。“He has more brawn than brain”，他四肢发达头脑简单。 achieve: v. 达到，完成 glory: n. 荣耀，光荣 accomplishment: n. 成就 identical: adj. 同一的，同样的 advancement: n. 前进，进步 turn out to be: 变成

conglomerate: n. 大集团 launch: v. 发行，投放市场 non-stop: adj. 不停的

万能句型：

The picture presents„ It is true that„

„is a typical example of our case „ it is not surprising that„ „ Equally„ In short„

（2）2007年真题。

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) support your view with an example/examples. You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.

真题分析：

在这道最新的考研题目中，出题漫画较往年显得更加生动有趣，寓意也十分明显。在一位球员即将进球的瞬间，球员和守门员都显得犹豫不决。球员认为守门员长得极其高大从而挡住了球门，使他的攻击几乎变成了“mission impossible”（不可能完成的任务）。同时，

守门员却觉得自己太渺小而球门太大，守门的任务十分艰巨，同样也是“mission

impossible”。对于有中文文化背景的学生来说，很容易就可以联想到《孙子兵法》中说的“知己知彼，百战不殆”，也就是说，只有充分了解自己和对手的所有优缺点，我们才能够有足够的信心取得最终的胜利。从这一点上我们可以继续引申，说明无论是个人、组织甚至对于国家来说，无论遇到什么情况，都要正确的评估自己以及具体事例的特点，从而充满信心地去取得应该取得的成就。思路拓展：

关于人生价值类的题目在短短几年时间内竟然考了两次，这必须引起我们的高度重视。出题者的思路也是可以理解的，正在参加考研的大学生们都风华正茂，处于人生扬帆的关键时刻。这个时候大学生们需要树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，从而有助于他们在将来的人生道路上取得成功。

人生价值的内容包罗万象，有对成功的理解、对生活的态度、对知识和学习的定位等等，以及如何面对困境和挫折、如何正确认识金钱和人生的关系等等。这一类话题并不总是热点话题，但又和许多领域紧密相连，特别是和教育领域的相关话题有关。同时，我们在许多社会现象中也可以发现人们不同的人生价值，媒体上也经常组织相关的大讨论，考生应予以密切关注。范文：

This picture shows a critical moment that can occur in any soccer game—a players is about to kick the ball while the keeper is fully ready for the attack. Interestingly, the player and the keeper are experiencing quite opposite

psychological processes: the player thinks the task is extremely difficult as the goal is quite small compared with the huge keeper, while the latter fears that the goal is too enormous for him to protect.

It is conspicuously indicated that in order to gain confidence and achieve success, we not only need to attain a thorough understanding of ourown merits and disadvantages of ourselves, but also those aspects of our opponents. Both the player and the keeper merely focus on their own faults and their counterparts’ advantages, leading to their hesitation at the key time.

In a recent interview of hurdler Liu Xiang, he revealed that his success is partly owed to his training team’s study of his strong competitors around the world, so that he can learn from the others and is more confident when facing any new race. Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, you’ll never lose a battle.

译文：

该图展示的是一场足球比赛中的关键时刻——一个球员正准备要进球，而守门员正全力准备回击这次进攻。有趣的是，球员和守门员正在经历相反的心理历程：球员认为这项任务非常艰巨，因为球门如此之小而守门员长得高达威猛；守门员却害怕球门太大而他自己太渺小，很难保护球门。

这幅图告诉我们，为了取得信心、达到胜利，我们不仅要对自己的优缺点有充分的了解，而且还要对对手的优缺点有充分了解。但是，图中的球员和守门员只想到了自己的缺点和对手的优点，因此在关键时刻踌躇不前。

在对著名中国运动员刘翔的一个最近的采访中，他透露了自己的成功部分归功于他的训练队详细研究了他在世界各国的对手们的特点，因此他可以学习他人的优点，于是面对比赛的时候更有信心。就像中国古代著名的兵书《孙子兵法》总结的那样，知己知彼，百战不殆。

闪光词汇及词组：

be about to: 将要, 正打算 psychological: adj. 心理上的 enormous: adj. 巨大的，庞大的 attain: v. 获得，达到 merely: adv. 仅仅

counterpart: n. 相对物或人 hesitation: n. 犹豫，踌躇 glorious: adj. 光荣的 race: n. 赛跑

The Art of War: 《孙子兵法》

万能句型：

This picture shows a „ moment that can occur in It is conspicuously indicated„

Just as the ancient Chinese philosophical book The Art of War concludes, if you know yourself and your enemy, you’ll never lose a battle.

家庭关系类背诵

（1）2005年真题。Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2. 真题分析：

本题是非常典型的看图作文。乍一看这是一场非常奇怪的足球赛，竟然有四个球门。仔细一看才发现原来这是一场赡养老人足球赛。我们很容易就可以发现其中人物关系。守着四个球门的是老人的三个儿子和一个女儿，他们的衣着显示出了他们有足够的经济能力来赡养父亲，但是他们都不愿意承担这个责任。很明显出题者要求考生批判这种不良社会风气，对那些不愿意赡养老人的儿女们提出谴责，并指出尊敬老人是我们中华民族的传统美德，应该继续发扬。思路拓展：

我们可以发现，近几年来的考研题目选取了许多关系到人们的道德水准、价值取向等方面相关的社会问题。家庭和亲情是我们这个社会永恒的主题，其中涉及到子女教育、父母与子女之间的感情关、利益关系等等，许多都是非常发人深省的。考生要重点关注道德方面的社会热点问题，为考研积累素材。范文：

The cartoon displays a very special and thought-provoking soccer game: the four goals are kept by an old man’s three sons and one daughter, while the old man himself becomes the ball, being kicked among the four corners by his “beloved” children. It is clearly indicated that none of them is willing to spare a tiny portion of time and money to repay their old father who have raised them.

Through the artistic presentation, we can be easily reminded of a popular phenomenon in today’s society, that is, disrespect towards elders and shirking of the responsibility of nursing aging parents. The boosting economic development in China sadly witnesses a deterioration of the public awareness of filial duty,

which had taken an indispensable position in traditional Chinese values for thousands of years. However, as the society grows more benefit-oriented, the once unbroken bond between parents and children is fundamentally shaken and begins to collapse.

In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our pursuit of wealth and welfare, that is, to shape a rich life both materially and mentally. Thinking of the love we received from our parents when swaggering babies, we must realize that repaying parents by a happy life with financial and psychological support is not only a duty that should not be shrugged off, but a key element to achieve a harmonious society. 译文：

这幅漫画展示了一场特殊而又发人深省的足球赛：四个球门由一个老人的三个儿子和一个女儿分别把守，而老人自己则是那个足球，在四个角落之间被他“亲爱的”孩子们踢来踢去。很显然，哪个孩子都不愿意花一点点时间和金钱来报答曾经抚育他们成长的老父亲。这幅图以艺术的方式提醒我们当今社会的一个普遍现象，那就是人们对老人的不尊敬、以及逃避赡养父母的责任。中国经济的迅速发展却带来了人们孝顺意识减退，这是让人悲哀的、也极具讽刺意味，因为赡养老人的责任在中国几千年的传统价值中占有重要的地位。但是，随着社会上追求利益的风气日益盛行，父母和子女之间那种曾经无法割裂的关系却受到了根本性的动摇。

我认为这种趋势与我们追求财富和利益的初衷是违背的，我们的目的是达到物质和精神的双丰收。想一想当我们还是蹒跚学步的孩子时父母曾给我们的爱，我们应该意识到回报给父母金钱和精神上的幸福生活不仅仅是我们无法推却的责任，也是我们实现和谐社会的重要因素。

闪光词汇及词组：

thought-provoking: adj. 发人深思的 beloved: adj. 所爱的，心爱的 disrespect: n. 不尊敬，不尊重 shirk: v. 逃避，推却 nurse: v. 护理，照看

deterioration: n. 变坏，退化，堕落

filial: adj. 子女的，当作子女的 indispensable: adj. 不可缺少的，必要的 benefit-oriented: adj. 追求利益的 bond: n. 关系，联系

collapse: v. 倒塌，崩溃，失败 swaggering: adj. 蹒跚学步的 shrug off: v. 逃避，推脱

万能句型：

The cartoon displays a very special and thought-provoking„ Through the artistic presentation, we can be easily reminded of„

In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of„

社会热点类背诵

（1）2006年真题。Directions:

Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1) describe the photo briefly,

2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3) give your points of view.

You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. 真题分析：

本题又出现了照片，而且这一次是两幅照片。但是这两幅照片没有对比关系，只是并列关系，用来说明同一个问题。左图中一个男子将贝克汉姆的名字写在自己的脸上，右图另一

个男子不惜花300元来做一个“小贝头”，这两种现象都是源自他们对于贝克汉姆的疯狂崇拜。明星崇拜在我们现在这个社会中已经见怪不怪了，正是人们的追星使得娱乐业发展成为了一个巨大的产业。许多青少年和年轻人只是因为某个明星歌唱得好，或者戏演得好，或者长得帅气或者漂亮，就盲目地对他们进行崇拜，模仿明星的一言一行，而对于其中良莠不齐的影响不加辨别、全盘吸收，从而影响了他们自身的成长和发展。因此，我们很容易就可以判断出本题的目的在于指出年轻人应该树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，树立积极向上的人生追求和生活方式。思路拓展：

这一类题型包括了除上述9类热点问题以外的其他各类问题，内容自然包括万象，需要考生关注平时生活中的点点滴滴细节。对于一些社会问题，我们可以指出道德和价值取向上的对与错；对于另一些问题，我们只需要提出自己的见解和看法，因为那些问题本身就不存在是否真理或谬误的限制。考生需要靠自己的知识和判断，在面对考题是灵活应对。范文：

The two pictures illustrate vividly the popularity of the famous British soccer star David Beckham. In the left picture a man painted Beckham’s name on his face to show his support for Beckham, while in the right another is willing to spend three hundred yuan to have a hairstyle that is exactly the same as Beckham’s. From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of idol worship in today’s China. Star fans, the majority of whom are teenagers and young adults, are used to blindly following every aspect of celebrities’ behavior, accepting both positive and negative influences as universal truths. Aside from Beckham, another telling example is the nation-wide “Super-Girl competitions” held in past two years in China. They were so successful in drawing fans’ attention and emotions that the ups and downs of the “super girls” had almost constituted the whole lives of their frenetic followers.

Admittedly, it is natural that those cool and fashionable stars seem attractive to the youth. Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to guide young people in building a wholesome outlook towards the world and life. In my opinion, what’s most important is to have them adore worthy values and qualities, such as honesty, diligence, and persistence. 译文：

这两幅图生动地展现了英国足球明星贝克汉姆的受欢迎程度。在左边的图中一个男人把贝克汉姆的名字醒目地写在脸上以显示对小贝的支持，右边的这幅图中另一个人愿意花300元钱做一个和贝克汉姆一样的发型。

从这两幅图中我们可以看到在当今中国疯狂的偶像崇拜趋势。追星族大多数都是青少年和年轻人，他们盲目地模仿名人各个方面的行为，并把名人的正面和负面影响都当作普遍适用的真理。除了贝克汉姆，另一个生动的例子就是在过去的两年中盛行于中国的“超女比赛”，这场比赛成功地调动了追星族们的注意力和情感，以至于“超女”们的起伏跌宕几乎构成了那些狂热歌迷们的全部生活。

诚然，既酷又时髦的明星对年轻人有很大的吸引力。但是，政府和社会有责任指导年轻人们建立健康的世界观和人生观。我认为最重要的是让年轻人追求更有价值的品质，如诚实、勤奋、坚持不懈等。

闪光词汇及词组： teenager: n. 青少年 blindly: adv. 盲目地 celebrity: n. 名人 universal: adj. 普遍的 aside from: 除„„以外

telling: adj. 有效的，明显的，生动的 ups and downs: 起起伏伏，成功和失败 constitute: v. 组成 frenetic: adj. 狂热的

wholesome: adj. 健康的，有益的

outlook of world and life: 世界观和人生观 adore: v. 崇拜，爱慕

worthy: adj. 有价值的，值得的 diligence: n. 勤奋

persistence: n. 坚持，持续

万能句型：

The two pictures illustrate vividly„ In the left picture„while in the right„ From the two pictures we can sense„

Admittedly, it is natural that„Nevertheless„

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