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英语中基数词与序数词的区别和用法

2020-01-09 来源:意榕旅游网
英语中基数词与序数词的区别和用法

英语中基数词与序数词的区别和用法 数词

一、基数词和序数词(cardinal and ordinal numbers): 基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。

1. 基数词

(1)1-12 特殊记; 13-19 要加-teen;几十-ty做结尾;几十几更易记。

(2)注意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的书写。

(3)hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法相似e.g.

Hundred: one/ two/several hundred; hundreds of …成百上千…

2. 序数词:

(1)基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,结尾加上-th;一、

二、三特数记;八去t,九去e;-ve要用-f替;单词-ty做结尾,变-y为i,再加-eth.

(2)注意1 first, 2second , 3third, 5 fifth, 8 eighth, 9 ninth的拼写。

二、分数、小数、百分数(frations、Decimals、Percentage) 1.分数:

分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,中间的连字号可用不可用。当分子大于1时,作分母的序数词用复数形式。e.g.

二分之一 a/one-half 三分之一 a/one third

四分之一 a/one-fourth 二又五分之一 two and one-fifth 2.小数:

读法:在小数点后,我们单独读出每个数字。小数点读作point。

小数点中的零读作zero, nought或o/??/ e.g. .3 point three 7.145 seven point one four five 36.36 thirty-six point three six 3. 百分数

百分数用基数词或小数与百分号两部分构成。e.g. 20% twenty percent47% forty-seven percent 30.45% thirty point four five percent 三、日期和年份的表示(date and year) on May 27 读作:On May (the) twenty-seventh on 27th May 读作:On the twenty-seventh of May in 1993 读作:in nieen thirty-three in 20ll 读作:in two thousand and eleven 四、时间和钟点表示:

7:15 读作 seven fifteen / a quarter past seven 5:30 读作 five thirty/half past five

6:55 读作 six fifty-five /five(minutes) to seven 9:10 读作 nine ten a.m.

at 8:00 读作 at eight 或 at eight o’clock 五、年龄表示:

1. 基数词+表示年龄单位的词+old, 口语中常可省略years old. e.g. The girl is only three (years old.)

2. age(名词或动词) She was then forty years of age. /she was then

aged forty(years).

“at the age of +基数词”表示“在…岁时”,通常作状语。e.g. Julie can swim at the age of eight.

3.“基数词-year-old”的复合形容词,意为“…岁的”,一般作定语修饰名词。e.g.

Sandy is a six-year-old child.

4. in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式:这一结构表示“在某人几

十多岁时“。e.g.

My grandfathr died in his niies. teens 表示“十多岁”(13-19岁)。e.g. The boy was in his teens. 这男孩只有十多岁。 He is not yet out of his teens. 他还不满20岁。 六、数学运算表达(Arithmetic Expressuib ) Add 3 and 9. 3 plus 9 equals/is 13 Subtract 3 from 9. 9 minus 3 equals/is 6. Multiply 3 by 9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 9 Divide 9 by 3 9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.

+plus(介词)/ -minus (介词) / × multiplied(形容词性质的过去分词) / ÷ divided (形容词性质的过去分词)

+add(动词)/ -subtract(动词) / × multiply(动词) / ÷divide(动词)

【易错点提示】

1. 分数和百分数做主语时,谓语的单复数取决其后面of结构中的名

词。注意区别下面两句话:

2. 基数词可以用在有连字符的合成形容词中,注意其中的名词前无冠词。e.g.

a two-day holiday=two days’ holiday a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk

有连词符的复合形容词在剧中只能充当定语,不能作表语。 3. 在20世纪30年代:in the 1930s 在30年代:in the 30s

在某人30几岁时:in one’s thirties 4. 注意下面的不同表达方式: Lesson Twelve = the Twelfth Lesson Gate Five= The Fifth Gate

Class one/Grade(Two)two=the ninth grade/ page nine/

Room 401/Channel Eight

5. 序数词在表示地名时的用法: Fifth Avenue (序数词前无冠词) 6. 序数词用在奖项前面的用法:win first prize (序数词前无冠词) 7. 序数词表示在原来数字的基础上的“再、又”的用法: I have had two cakes. I want to have a third one. 8. 一次:once两次:twice 三次: three times 9. 倍数的表达:

(1)“倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than”表示“比??大几倍” e.g.This rope is three times longer than that one. (2)“倍数+as+形容词/副词+as”表示“?是?的几倍”e.g. It is five times as big as Europe.

The poison of the killer bee is twice as dangerous as the poison of other bees.

(3)“倍数+表度量的名词(size,length,width)+of?”表示“?是?的几倍”。e.g.

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 【真题典藏】

2. Eric, the _______ son of the family, has a special interest in physics.(three) (xx年中考题59题)

3.Alex is ______ years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten. (fourth)(xx年中考题58题)

【实战演练】

1.The TV news reported the celebration of the old man’s _______birthday. (hundred )

2. Could you tell me if you live on the ______floor of that highrise? (twelve)

3. Please open your book at page________. Let’s read the text. (fifth)

基数词与序数词的用法 基数词

A.从1——10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.

B.从 11——19eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen,sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nieen.

这里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,

fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nieen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。

C.从 21——99

整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,niy都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”

21 twenty-one76 seventy-six

D.百位数 648 six hundred and forty-eight

E.千位数以上 ,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。

There are hundreds of people in the hall.里有数以百计的人。 Thousands and thousands of people e to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。

G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。 He became a professor in his thirties. 他三十多岁时成为了教授。 基数词变序数词的口诀 基变序,有规律,

词尾加上th,(fourth,sixth) 一,二,三,特殊例,

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