国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷71(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷71 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文：Presenter: Good evening and welcome to Issue for Today. Our topic tonight is experiment on animals and to start the discussion we have a strongly argued appeal from Jeff Sachs of the animal’s rights organization Animal Aid. Now Jeff, what’s all the fuss about? After all, 85 percent of doctors support experiments on animals.Jeff: This is first and foremost a moral question. What kind of people are we? As humans, we live in a society which protects the rights of the weak. We take care of the sick, the old and the disabled and punish those who are violent to others. But we also have a darker, cruel side. I believe that we experiment on animals because they are powerless to stop us, and we count their pain as unimportant when measured against our own interests. We live unhealthy lives and make animals suffer in the search for cures for our illnesses. We even see the production of a new lipstick as a good enough reason to inflict pain on animals. It’s not that we think animals can’t feel pain--we know very well that they do. And it’s dangerous to say that we use animals in experiments because they lack our intelligence. After all, this argument would allow us to experiment on mentally handicapped humans. Animals have feelings. Like us, they can suffer pain, fear and mental agony. Like us, each has a life to live. A rat’s life is important to a rat, whatever value a human may place on it. Why should one individual animal be made to suffer for the supposed benefits of people? Is it right to kill one human being in an experiment to save thousands of others? What if that human being were you?Presenter: Yeah, well, thank you. Now, let’s hear what you, the audience, and you at home think...

1．

正确答案：Issue

解析：节目主持人在第一句就说“Good evening and welcome to Issue for Today．”，说明 Issue for Today是节目名称。注意Issue的拼写以及第一个字母大

写。

2．

正确答案：85%

解析：根据“After all，85 percent of doctors support experiments on animals．”得出答案。句子中出现各类承接词时要特别注意，上下文往往是考点所在。

3．

正确答案：moral

解析：嘉宾是动物救助组织的人物，讨论的话题是用动物做实验，所以内容有一定的特殊性。他第一句话就点出“这实际上是个道德问题。”所以答案是moral。

4．

正确答案：powerless

解析：根据嘉宾观点“We experiment on animals because they are powerless to stop us，”可知答案是powerless。

5．

正确答案：feelings

解析：嘉宾的观点是：动物和人一样，是有感觉的，后面又用事实“like us，they can suffer pain，fear and mental agony．Like us，each has a life to live．A rat’s life is important to a rat，whatever value a human may place on it”补充了自己的论点。

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文：W: Good afternoon, everyone. In the last of this series of High School Forum we are discus-sing the problem of unemployment and how it will change the lives of our audience. What’s the opinion of the young? Let’s ask our audience, John?M1: Well, I’m going to study business at college. You see, I don’t think that the unemployment problem will get any better. I think it’ll probably get worse and I want a job...W: Do you think that business studies will help?M1: Oh yes, it’ll definitely help; I mean, it’s very practical subject.W: Thank you, John. What are you going to do, Thomas?M2: I don’t know. You see, my brother left university four years ago and he still hasn’t found a job, so I don’t think he’ll stay here.W: So, where’ll he go?M2: Well, he’ll probably go to America. He says there are lots of jobs there. I think I’ll go with him.W: Thank you, Thomas. What about you, Steven?M3: I’m going to be a

teacher.W: You sound very definite. Do you think unemployment will get better?M3: No, I don’t but there’ll always be jobs for teachers. You know, when people can’t find jobs, they stay on at school, so they’ll need teachers.W: Thank you, Steven. And you, Simon?M4: Well, I think the problem will get better. I don’t think we’ll ever have full employment again, but I think there will be more jobs in some subjects, like computers.W: So you want to work with computers?M4: Yes, I’m going to take a computer training course. I’ll probably start it this summer, and I’ll definitely get a job afterwards.W: That’s very good. Peter, you’re not so optimistic, are you?M5: Well, I won’t get a job, will I? It’s depressing. You know, my friends can’t find jobs now, and there’ll be even fewer jobs when I leave.W: Thank you, Peter.

6． What would John study at college?

正确答案：business

解析：从对话中两个句子“Well，I’m going to study business at college．”和“Do you think that business studies will help?”中可以判断他要学business。

7． Where would Thomas probably go?

正确答案：America

解析：因为他哥哥找不到工作，所以“he’ll probably go to America．He says there are lots of jobs there．I think I’ll go with him．”，因此可知他也要去America。

8． What Would Steven do?

正确答案：be a teacher

解析：说他要成为老师，因为“I don’t but there’ll always be jobs for teachers．You know，when people can’t find jobs，they stay on at school，so they’ll need teachers．”。此处teacher重复多次，利于考生判断。

9． According to Simon, what kind of job has more pleasant future?

正确答案：computer

解析：当问及什么工作前景较好时，Simon说“but I think there will be more jobs in some subjects，like computers．”，下文再次重复computer的信息。

10． What did Peter think about job-hunting?

正确答案：It’s depressing

解析：整篇短文在讨论失业问题，所以最后问Peter对找工作有何看法时，Peter说“It’s depressing．You know，my friends can’t find jobs now，and there’ll be even fewer jobs when I leave．”，因此答案是It’s depressing。

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which

accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文： Japanese people, who never miss a chance to be photographed, were lining up to get their picture on a postage-stamp. Vanity stamps that feature personal photographs went on sale for the first time in Japan as part of an international postage stamp exhibition. The customer’s photo is taken with a digital camera and then printed on stamp sheets, a process that takes about five minutes. Sold in a sheet of 10 stamps for ＄8.80, little more than the cost of lunch in Tokyo, each stamp features a different scene from a traditional ukiyo-e along with the photo. The stamps can be used normally to mail a letter, and postal officials hope they will help promote interest in letter-writing in the Internet age. “Certainly e-mail is a useful method of communication, but letters are fun in a different way,” said an official in the Posts Ministry. “We want to show young people that letters can be fun too.” While similar stamp sheets debuted in Australia in 1999 and are now sold in some 12 nations and territories, Japan’s fondness for commemorative photos is likely to make them especially popular here. Indeed, officials had prepared 1,000 sheets but they were sold out in less than 30 minutes. Although the stamps are currently only available as a special service during the exhibition, postal officials said they might start selling them on a regular basis in the future.

11． What does each vanity stamp cost? A．＄8.80 B．＄0.88 C．＄10 D．＄5

正确答案：B

解析：数字运算题。十张邮票为一版，共＄8.8，那么每张邮票就是＄0.88了。

12． What are the usage of these vanity stamps? A．They can be used normally to mail a letter. B．They can only be used for exhibition. C．They are used to attract more tourists.

D．They are used to post on famous buildings.

正确答案：A

解析：细节辨认题。文中提到“作为日本国际邮展的内容之一，日本首次发售了印有个人照片的自费邮票。”但这不是邮票的用处，后面又提到“这些邮票可以像普通邮票一样用来寄信。”

13． Why does Japan print vanity stamps?

A．Because the Japanese like taking photographs.

B．Because the Japanese like writing letters to each other.

C．Because the Japanese postal officials want to print a special stamp to catch worldwide attention.

D．Because the Japanese postal officials hope these stamps will help promote interests in letter-writing.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题，文中明确提到答案“and the postal officials hope they will help promote interest in letter-writing in the Internet age”，后面官员又补充说“but letters are fun in a different way”。

听力原文：W: Today, we invite Mr. Sonderim to talk something about Euro. Mr, Sonderim, could you tell us the origin of the Euro?M: Well, the 1992 Maastricht Treaty proposed a single currency between the European Union. The participating countries decided on the name “Euro” at a summit in Madrid in 1995 and the currency was launched on January 1, 1999.W: What is it worth?M: When the Euro was launched in 1999, one Euro was worth 1.17 US dollars or 71 British pence. However, the weakness of the Euro zone economies compared with that of the United States, combined with the inexperience of the European Central Bank in dealing with the international markets, has meant that since its launch the value of the Euro had declined significantly. In December 2001, one Euro was worth little more than 89 cents or 63 pennies, a 20 percent drop on its initial value.W: Do you think it will affect the daily life of ordinary people?M: I suppose so. For example, one of the major headaches for participating countries has been the conversion of public telephones, vending machines, and shopping trolleys to accept Euro coins. Although a conversion process has been in full swing since before 1999, there are reports that some countries are not ready for the Euro.W: So what does it look like?M: There are seven notes designed by the Austrian artist Robert Kalina. The designs show the “seven ages” of European development, with windows and gateways on the front, and bridges on the back. In addition, there are eight coins designed by the Belgian artist Luc Luycx. All Euro coins are round, but have differences in composition, weight, thickness, and milling to ensure that the blind can easily distinguish between them. On the front there is a European design, common to all coins, and on the back a “national” design from the central bank of issue. Despite the “national identities”, all coins can be spent throughout the Euro zone regardless of their origin.

14． When was euro launched? A．1992 B．1995 C．1999 D．2001

正确答案：C

解析：本题问欧元的启动时间，只要听清哪个时间发生了什么就行，考试时应养成记笔记的习惯。

15． Why did the worth of euro drop?

A．It dropped due to the weakness of the eurozone economies and the inexperience of the European Central Bank in dealing with the international markets.

B．People in most European countries refused to use euro instead of their own currency.

C．Counterfeiters made a lot of fake notes since people were not familiar with the new currency.

D．Some countries are not ready for the euro. They stopped using euro in daily purchasing.

正确答案：A

解析：本题问币值下降原因，此题难度较大，干扰项较多，只有结合听力内容才能得到明确的答案。

16． Why are the eight coins of euro different in composition, weight, thickness, and milling?

A．Because each nation wants to keep its characteristics.

B．Because they are designed by different artists from 8 countries. C．Because it will enable the blind to distinguish between them easily. D．Because Denmark and other countries want to have their own coins.

正确答案：C 解析：解此题应该发挥逆向思维的能力，找出四个选项中那个与其他三项不同的选项，这种解题方法在很多时候都能奏效。

听力原文：M: I think that intermarriage is a good idea. After all, we are living in a cosmopolitan country. We have so many different races living together peacefully, don’t we? It is nothing new to us, and I feel that intermarriage will work out.W: Personally, I feel that it is not a very sound idea. It is difficult for two people of entirely different religions to live and share a life together. They will face so many problems that it would be better if they don’t get married in the first place. M: Of course there will be problems. Even two people of the same religion have problems. It is the same in this case, except that it will be slightly more difficult, I guess.W: I agree with you, Henry. Naturally, there will be arguments and personal differences. Marriage thrives on a give-and-take policy, so a couple will have to learn to adapt to each other’s customs and traditions.M: That’s right. Married people should be more tolerant towards each other and be willing to learn about each other’s religion. Only then can understanding and acceptance be achieved ultimately.W: You talk as if it were very simple. It isn’t, you know. I should know, as I am a child of a mixed marriage.M: All right, you tell us why it is not such a good idea.W: You see, Henry, it depends on the individuals concerned. If two people of different religions marry, they should be prepared for the consequences. It is only after marriage that the vast

differences in the cultures begin to show. Little things, from food and clothes to bigger aspects like religious beliefs, tend to clash, leading eventually to a rift. Besides, this will be either personal pride or the reluctance to accept the other’s views. It may lead to a big gap between the parents, and their children may suffer a lot in between.M: You have a point there, but I can also tell you of several such couples who are living happily together.W: I suppose that you are right. Intermarriage can lead to happiness or sorrow, depending on how it is handled.

17． Which word may best describe two speakers’ positions on intermarriage? A．Comparison B．Contrast C．Causality D．Bias

正确答案：B

解析：归纳题。关于跨文化、跨国籍的婚姻话题，男女交谈一开始就有不同意见。男的认为是个好主意，女的则认为不合适，所以答案选B。此题的关键要理解sound(合理的、好的)的意思。

18． Why does marriage usually thrive concerning customs and traditions? A．On a give-and-take policy B．Beyond a give-and-take policy

C．In the manner of each other’s adaptation D．Due to religious beliefs

正确答案：A

解析：因果题，夫妻间应该互相妥协，这是维持良好夫妻关系的根本。

19． The cultural differences arise ______. A．at the wedding

B．before intermarriage C．after people get married D．until recently

正确答案：C 解析：参见“It is only after marriage that the vast differences in the cultures begin to show．”，可知C符合题意。

20． What negative effects may the intermarriage most probably cause? A．A quick divorce B．Cultural shock

C．A big gap between parents and children D．Much suffering in children’s minds

正确答案：D

解析：通婚或许导致父母之间的巨大隔阂，他们的子女也许夹在中间受害，所以D是正确答案。

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 【21】______ it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 【22】______ the workers in government offices who 【23】______ our health, our food, our water, and all 【24】______ things that we can not do for ourselves. By 【25】______ of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 【26】______ as we need somewhere to live and something to eat, In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 【27】______ is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 【28】______ , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s 【29】______ grows. In England, for example, the tax on he 【30】______ people goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 【31】______ taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”. 【32】______ , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 【33】______ pay the duties, in the 【34】______ of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 【35】______ things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 【36】______ . If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 【37】______ is obtained, but the tax is fairer, as the 【38】______ pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 【39】______ with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 【40】______ arrangement.

21． 【21】 A．because of B．instead of C．with D．without

正确答案：D

解析：本句意为“没有了它，就不可能付钱给保护我们的士兵和警察。”

22． 【22】 A．so B．nor C．not D．all

正确答案：B

解析：nor“也不能”，本句意为“也不能支付政府办公室里的工作人员”。

23． 【23】 A．look after B．sympathize C．consider D．see

正确答案：A

解析：look after“照料”，本句意为“照顾我们的健康、食物和水的政府工作人员”。sympathize“同情”，consider”考虑”，see“看见”。

24． 【24】 A．other B．others C．the other D．many

正确答案：A

解析：all other things“所有其他的东西”，固定用法。

25． 【25】 A．mean B．means C．a means D．the means

正确答案：B

解析：means“途径”，by means of“通过”，固定用法。

26． 【26】 A．many B．well C．more D．much

正确答案：D

解析：as much as“与…一样多”，本句意为“我们为我们需要的东西付钱，就像我们需要地方居住，需要东西来吃一样”。

27． 【27】 A．which B．what

C．that D．it

正确答案：A

解析：空后的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰“a direct tax on persons”，所以应当选which做引导词。

28． 【28】 A．a lot B．most C．nothing D．more

正确答案：C

解析：从后面一句话“随着纳税人收入的增长，纳税百分比也随之增长”可以推断出，最穷的人支付的就当最少。

29． 【29】 A．income B．population C．tax D．amount

正确答案：A

解析：income“收入”。这句话的意思是“随着纳税人收入的增长…”，population“人口”， tax“税”，amount“数额”。

30． 【30】 A．poor B．working C．rich D．richest

正确答案：D

解析：本句意为“富人的税率增长了95%”。

31． 【31】 A．no B．income C．indirect D．direct

正确答案：C

解析：indirect“间接”。本句意为“但是征收直接税的国家一般总是会有间

接税。”

32． 【32】 A．However B．So

C．Of course D．By chance

正确答案：C

解析：of course“当然”。本句意为“当然，实际上是那些购买商店里的进口商品的人需要支付税款。”so“因此”，however“但是”，by chance“偶然”。

33． 【33】 A．have to B．will

C．are willing to D．should

正确答案：A

解析：have to“必须”，will“会”，be willing to“愿意”，should“应当”。

34． 【34】 A．way B．form C．name D．terms

正确答案：B

解析：in the form of“以…的形式”，本句意为“以更高价格的形式”。没有in the way of的搭配，in the name of“以…的名义”，in terms of“在…方面”。

35． 【35】 A．about B．on C．for D．form

正确答案：B 解析：“对…的税收”，介词用on。

36． 【36】 A．least B．highly C．less

D．most

正确答案：D

解析：本句意为“如果最为必要的东西，会征收很多钱，但是穷人将损失最多”。

37． 【37】 A．less money B．more money C．fewer money D．most money

正确答案：A

解析：本句意为“如果对像珠宝和皮衣一类的非必需品征税，得到的钱更少些”。

38． 【38】 A．people B．poor C．rich D．country

正确答案：C

解析：本句意为”但是纳税会更公平，因为富人会支付”。

39． 【39】 A．including B．along C．dealing D．and

正确答案：B

解析：along with“和，与…一起”，including“包括”，dealing with“涉及，与…有关”，and“和”。

40． 【40】 A．the best B．the worst C．good D．better

正确答案：A

解析：本句意为“这是最好的安排”。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Six years later, in an about-face, the FBI admits that federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas in 1993. But the official said the firing came several hours before the structure burst into flames, killing 80 people including the Davidians’ leader, David Koresh. “In looking into this, we’ve come across information that shows some canisters that can be deemed pyrotechnic in nature were fired—hours before the fire started,” the official said. “Devices were fired at the bunker, not at the main structure where the Davidians were camped out.” The Federal Bureau of Investigation maintains it did not start what turned to be a series of fiery bursts of flames that ended a 51-day standoff between branch members and the federal government. “This doesn’t change the bottom line that David Koresh started the fire and the government did not,” the official said. “It simple shows that devices that could probably be flammable were used in the early morning hours.” The law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the main structure where the Davidian members were camped out but at the nearby underground bunker. They bounced off the bunker’s concrete roof and landed in an open field well, the official said. The canisters were fired at around 6 a.m. , and the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon, the official said. The official also added that other tear gas canisters used by agent that day were not flammable or potentially explosive. While Coulson denied the grenades played a role in starting the fire, his statement marked the first time that any U.S. government official has publicly contradicted the government’s position that federal agents used nothing on the final day of the siege at Waco that could have sparked the fire that engulfed the compound. The cause of the fiery end is a major focus of an ongoing inquiry by the Texas Rangers into the Waco siege.

41． The FBI official has NOT admitted that ______. A．the canisters were fired at the main structure

B．the canisters were fired hours before the fire started

C．federal agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire

D．other tear gas canisters that were not flammable or potentially explosive were also used

正确答案：A 解析：根据文中“the law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the main structure—but at the nearby underground bunker．”这一句可以看出A是他没有承认的内容，而B，C和D都在文中有直接或间接的体现。

42． From the passage, what information can be inferred about the event in

1993?

A．The compound was blown up by the FBI agents. B．The compound burst into flames at dawn.

C．The federal government besieged the compound for 51 days before the tragedy occurred.

D．About 80 people were killed in the event except the Davidians’ leader, David Koresh.

正确答案：C 解析：庄园毁于大火，而非爆炸，因此A是错误的；“the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon”表示时间是中午而非早晨，因此B是错误的；从“killing 80 people including the Davidians’leader，David Koresh”来看，D是错误的；“flames that ended a 51-day standoff between branch members and the federal g

43． After reading the passage, how much do you know about the compound near Waco?

A．About 51 people lived in the compound at the time of the event in 1993. B．It consisted of a main structure and a bunker. C．It was built of stone. D．It was a schoolhouse.

正确答案：B

解析：在大火中有80人丧生，因此居住在庄园里的人肯定不止51个，所以A是错误的；“the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon”，可见其为木质结构，而非石制，因此C是错误的；“the compound near Waco”是Branch Davidian的居住地，从文中无法得出其为校舍的结论，因此D是不正确的；文中多处提到main structure和bunker，因此B为正确答案。

44． Coulson’s speech has ______.

A．made the matter even more complicated and confusing B．been approved by the government C．met sharp criticism

D．brought the whole matter into broad daylight

正确答案：A

解析：从文中看来，Coulson一方面承认FBI探员向庄园发射了可能导致火灾的催泪弹，另一方面坚持说火灾不是这些催泪弹引起的，使整个事件变得更加扑朔迷离，因此A是正确的。

45． The attitude of the narrator towards this message is ______. A．neutral B．bitter C．excited

D．expectant

正确答案：D

解析：文中叙述者的口气比较平淡，倾向于中立，但about-face等词的使用体现了对此事的关心和希望进一步揭露事实真相的态度，因此D是正确的。其他三个选项都不能准确地体现叙述者的心情。

The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

46． In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to ______.

A．argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies B．smooth out the conflicts in human societies C．distinguish between two kinds of opposition

D．summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation

正确答案：C

解析：从作者对conflict和competition的定义可以看出，他的目的在于说明这两种对立的不同之处，所以正确答案应当为C。

47． According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that ______. A．it results in war in most cases

B．it induces efforts to expand territory

C．it is a kind of opposition among social entities D．it is essentially a struggle for existence

正确答案：D

解析：本题所涉及的相关信息在文章的第三段。在这一段中，作者将动物和人的竞争做了一个比较，指出那种为生存而进行的斗争是竞争而不是冲突，所以竞争和冲突的区别在于，前者是为了生存而进行的必要的不可避免的斗争。由此可见，正确答案应当为D。

48． The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Para. 1) most probably means ______.

A．betray each other B．harm one another

C．help to collaborate with each other D．benefit one another

正确答案：B

解析：理解这句话必须联系上下文。在文章的前面提到，冲突和竞争是两种对立，所以C选项说“他们相互合作”，D选项说“他们相互有利”，都是不正确的；而A选项说他们“相互背叛”，也不符合题意，因此只有选项B是恰当的。

49． The author indicates in the passage that conflict ______. A．is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition B．reflects the struggle among social animals

C．is an opposition among individual social entities D．can be avoided

正确答案：D

解析：从文章的最后一句话“……尽管竞争是不可避免的，但我们不能说国家之间的冲突是不可避免的”，于是我们可以判断正确答案应当为D。

50． The passage is probably intended to answer the question”______”. A．Is war inevitable?

B．Why is there conflict and competition? C．Is conflict desirable?

D．Can competition lead to conflict?

正确答案：A

解析：综合全文，可以看到作者通过对竞争和冲突的对比，说明的是文章开头提出的那个问题，即“The question of whether war is inevitable...”，所以这一题的正确答案应当为A。

How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it—convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial” system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a con test) with the continental “inquisitorial” system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal” —especially a religious event—was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries’ mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to

adapt piecemeal.

51． “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice.” It implies that ______.

A．the British legal system can do the basic job well—convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent

B．the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system C．the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair D．the British legal system is very efficient

正确答案：C

解析：这是一道推断题，句意为“英国审判制度与其说是严肃执法，倒不如说是一场游戏。”其言外之意就是“英国法律制度并不公正。”于是，正确答案应当为C。

52． Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

A．Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read.

B．When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain.

C．In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. D．Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases.

正确答案：D 解析：这道细节题所涉及的相关信息在文章的前面三段。根据第三段可以判断A选项是与原文相符的；根据第二段的第三句话，可以判断B选项与原文相符；根据第一段可以判断C选项与原文相符；只有D选项在文中找不到相关的意思，所以根据原文，只有D选项是正确答案。

53． In Britain, newspapers ______.

A．do the same as American newspapers do

B．are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place C．are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place D．are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place

正确答案：C 解析：文中作者在第四段第二句和第三句谈到，英美两国在受理重刑案件时一个最显著的区别是：美国法律并不阻止报纸和电视在庭审前对这类案件的大肆渲染。由此可见，在审理重刑案件之前，英国法律是不允许报纸报道任何细节的。因此这道题的正确答案应当为C。

54． We can infer that American lawyers ______. A．do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases

B．prepare the cases themselves

C．tend to be more passionately involved in their cases D．tend to approach cases dispassionately

正确答案：C 解析：从文章的倒数第二段的最后两句话，我们可以推断出与英国的律师不同，美国律师更了解案情；换言之，他们对案件更热衷一些，所以此题答案应当为C。

55． The passage ______.

A．questions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient B．suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries

C．describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems

D．compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages

正确答案：D

解析：综合全文，我们可以看到，文章第一段指出了英国法律制度存在的弊端，第二段谈到英国法律制度的优点，第三段谈到英国法律制度相比法国法律制度存在的利弊，第四、第五段则评述了英美国家法律制度的异同。由此我们可以推断，全文的主旨是将几国的法律制度相比较并阐述了他们各自的利弊，因此正确答案应当为D。

The initial impact of computers was in the area of entertainment. If you walked by a video arcade in the early 1980s, you could not have failed to notice that the use of video games was growing at what some considered an alarming rate. In 1981 the movie industry grossed＄3 billion, video games took in an estimated ＄6 billion. That gives you some idea of just how big the computer industry had become. Video games employ the same technology as personal computers, and indeed many who bought personal computers did so primarily for playing games at home, thus saving their quarters. Though video games are not as popular as they were a few years ago, they did provide consumer with their first real reason to buy PCs. A more recent computer innovation, desktop publishing, supplies one good reason for those who write for a living to buy a PC. Desktop publishing is a deceptively simple description for an extremely complex group of hardware and software tools. You can now write text, edit text, draw illustrations, incorporate photographs, design page layouts, and print a finished document with a relatively inexpensive computer and laser printer. Although the new technology offers new freedom, there is a price to be paid for this freedom. With total control comes total responsibility. In fact, the issue of social responsibility in our new computer age has long been a topic of debate among computer, enthusiasts. Some people are concerned with the long-term social effects of the so-called computer revolution. Ironically, many PC pioneers who built and

marketed the first machines were 60s-style advocates of social change. They claim that while personal computer technology has the potential to make society more equal, it’s having the opposite effect since upper-middle-class people can afford them and lower-class people cannot. In addition, the ways that computers are used to monitor the activities of their users have evoked anxiety about the machine. Over 7 million Americans now have their work paced, controlled, and monitored by computers. A computer is more restrictive and powerful in the way it controls people than the old-fashioned assembly line. This can lead to what some have called “tech-stress”. Irritated eyes, back problems, and other physical symptoms have also been associated with the extensive use of computers. Although the personal computer may not have had the impact some predicted a decade age, the combination of computer technology with satellites and cable does promise innovations in the mass media that would have seemed astonishing just a few short years ago.

56． The dramatic growth of the business dealing in video games is the result of ______.

A．the development of computer industry B．the development of wireless technology C．the decline in movie industry

D．the depression in the entertainment business

正确答案：A

解析：根据文章第一段的内容所述，电脑的影响首先是在娱乐方面，尤其是带动了电子游戏的发展。因此，电子游戏工业的快速增长是电脑工业发展的结果，所以此题答案应当为A。

57． The consumers’ first motivation in buying personal computer is to ______. A．play video games

B．make writing easier for themselves

C．facilitate their entrance into the stock market D．transmit printed information

正确答案：A

解析：根据文章第一段的最后一句话，“尽管电子游戏不像几年前那样流行了，但它确实是消费者购买私人电脑的第一个原因。”因此，正确答案应当为A。

58． What’s the advantage that desktop publishing brings people? A．It makes home banking a reality.

B．It provides a method for producing professional looking documents. C．It makes it possible for people to receive newspaper electronically. D．It makes it possible for people to bring office work to home.

正确答案：B

解析：根据文章第二段的第三句话，我们可以看到作者说桌面出版系统可以帮助人们书写、编辑、打印文章、制作插图等，换言之，也就是说桌面出版系统可以提供制作出比较职业化的文档的方法。因此，正确答案应当为B。

59． In the long run, the social effect of computers is that ______. A．it controls people’s life

B．it brings about a more equal society

C．it might lengthen the distance between upper-middle-class people and lower-class people

D．it leads to a profound change in the mass media

正确答案：D 解析：根据文章的第三段的最后一句话，我们可以看到电脑工业给大众传媒带来了革新。所以，正确答案应当为D。

60． According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．Computer may cause health problems for its users.

B．Computer has led to a revolution in every aspect of people’s life. C．Computer is financially within the reach for most consumers.

D．The influence of computer has on people’s life is not as great as people have predicted.

正确答案：A

解析：根据文章最后一段倒数第二句话，作者说由于电脑的使用，它给人们带来了诸如背疼等身体疾病。四个选项中只有A符合原文，其他几项在原文中均找不到相应的信息，所以，正确答案应当为A。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

The proportion of works cut for the cinema in Britain dropped from 40 percent when I joined the BBFC in 1975 to less than 4 per cent when I left. But I don’t think that 20 years from now it will be possible to regulate any medium as closely as I regulated film. The internet is, of course, the greatest problem for this century. 【61】 The world will have to find a means, through some sort of international treaty or United Nations initiative, to control the material that’s now going totally unregulated into people’s homes. That said, it will only take one little country like Paraguay to refuse to sign a treaty for transmission to be unstoppable. Parental control is never going to be sufficient. 【62】 I’m still very worried about the impact of violent video games, even though researchers say their impact is moderated by the fact that players don’t so much experience the game as enjoy the technical manoeuvres (策略)that enable you to win. But in respect of violence in mainstream films, I’m more optimistic. Quite suddenly, tastes have changed, and it’s

no longer Stallone or Schwarzenegger who are the top stars, but Leonardo DiCaprio— that has taken everybody by surprise. 【63】 Go through the most successful films in Europe and America now and you will find virtually none that are violent.Quentin Tarantino didn’t usher in a new, violent generation, and films are becoming much more pre-social than one would have expected. Cinemagoing will undoubtedly survive. The new multiplexes are a glorious experience, offering perfect sound and picture and very comfortable seats, things which had died out in the 1980s.【64】 I can’t believe we’ve achieved that only to throw it away in favour of huddling around a 14-finch computer monitor to watch digitally—delivered movies at home. It will become increasingly cheap to make films, with cameras becoming smaller and lighter but remaining very precise. 【65】 That means greater chances for new talent to emerge, as it will be much easier for people to learn how to be better film-makers. People’s working lives will be shorter in the future, and once retired they will spend a lot of time learning to do things that amuse them—like making videos. Fifty years on we could well be media saturated as producers as well as audience: instead of writing letter, one will send little home movies entitled My Week.

61． 【61】

正确答案：网上的东西目前正毫无管制地进入人们的家中，世界各国得找出一种办法，通过某种国际条约或联合国行动，对此加以控制。

解析：句子的框架是The world will have to find a means，...，to control the materials that...。句子的主语是the world，谓语是have to find，宾语是a means，介词词组 through some sort of...initiative作状语，而动词不定式短语to control...into people’s homes作目的状语，不定式短语中又包含了that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the material。句中的Initiative的动词形式是initiate，意思是“发起”，这里initiative的意思是“(发起的)行动，计划”unregulated的意思是“不控制，不管理”。

62． 【62】

正确答案：尽管研究人员说，玩暴力电子游戏的人并不是在体验游戏本身，更多地是在享受使他们能取胜的技术操作，这就减弱了这类游戏的影响。然而，我对这种影响仍然忧心忡忡。

解析：句子的框架是I’m still worried about...，even though researchers say their impact is...by the fact that players do not so much...as...。Even though引导了让步状语从句，而状语从句中又包含了一个由that引导的宾语从句(that省略了)作谓语动词say的宾语；宾语从句中的is moderated by the fact that...又是被动语态，又包含名词同位语从句，不便按原文结构译，拆除the fact that...把后面的从句视为say的宾语，然后把被动转为主动，添补“这”作为moderate(减弱)的主语，译成“这就减弱了这类游戏的影响”；同位语从句中同时含有句型not so much...as...，是“与其…不如…”或“不是…更多的是…”，另外，此结构中还包含了that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the technical manoeuvres。

63． 【63】

正确答案：纵观目前欧美最成功的电影，几乎找不出哪一部是暴力的。 解析：句子的框架是Go through...and you will find...none that...。这是典型的句型：Do...，and you will...，等同于If you...，you will...，主句的宾语是代词none，并且后面跟了一个that引导的定语从句修饰它，副词virtually是“几乎，差不多”之意。

64． 【64】

正确答案：我无法相信，取得了那样高的成就，到头来却弃而不用，情愿挤在十四英寸电脑显示屏前，在家里观看数码传送的电影。

解析：句子的框架是I can’t believe we’ve achieved that...in favor of huddling...to watch...。句中谓语动词believe后面跟了一个宾语从句we’ve achieved that...at home，从句中的achieved that中的that指代前文的multiplexes(多幕影院)，可以译为“建造了那么好的设施”，或者抽象地译成“取得了那样高的成就”；only to表示结果与预料的相反，可译成“到头来却”；in favor of的意思是“情愿，更愿意”；digitally-delivered属于构词法中的adv．+ p．p．(过去分词)构成复合形容词，意思是“数码传送的”。

65． 【65】

正确答案：这意味着电影新秀会有更多机会脱颖而出，因为人们会更容易学会怎样把电影拍得更好。

解析：句子的框架是That means...，as it will be...。句中as引导了原因状语从句；主句中的that指代前面的整个句子It will become...but remaining very precise，new talent是“新人才”的意思，根据上下文可译成“电影新秀”。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． Directions:There has been a discussion recently on the issue of challenge in a newspaper. Write an essay of about 200 words to the newspaper to1. show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below1) the content of the picture2) the symbolic meaning3) the special understanding2. give a specific example/comment, and3. give your suggestion as to the best way to treat challenge.

正确答案： Many people are afraid of and conquered by challenge because they equal challenge with difficulty. But, as wind can be utilized as drive for windmill, this picture implies that challenge can also be turned into impetus if treated properly. In real life being brave and confident enough to face up with challenge makes a sharp difference. The real world is full of stories of challenges. An example is found in Beijing’s host of the 2008 Olympics. It is so said because the previous games in Sydney have been credited as “the best one in history.” To surpass that, we feel

pressure coming from all sides such as money, experiences, expertise, and the host’s sports power. If we can collect all our resources available for holding the games, this challenge might be as well converted into impetus. In that way, people will be cheered up and dare to attempt all that is thought to be possible. The truth here is, if we don’t have the galls, the whole preparation work will collapse. Thus, challenge will become an unbearable burden over our shoulders. It is evident now that there is only one way out of challenge. We have to build up our muscles and live up to any seemingly insurmountable requirement. If we know the secret of winning over challenge is to take the role of the challenger, we’ll soon be strong players.