2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题 Section I Use of English Directions:
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET(10points)
Today we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones.I of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones2on batteries,and batteries can die faster than we realize,3you get lost without
a phone or a compass,and you4cant find north,a few tricks to help you navigate_5to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.
When you find yourself well6a trail,but not in a completely7area,you have to answer two questions:Which8is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water._9,if you head downhill,and follow any H20you find,you should10see signs of people If you’ve explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be11
how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.
Another12Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13even in dense fores,you should be able to14gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve15the woods.Head toward these16to find a way out.At might
can the horizon for17light sources such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow
of light pollution.
18,assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent,look for the19we
leave on the landscape.Trail blazes tire tracks.and other features can20you to civilization.
1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All 2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come 3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]until
4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally 5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away 6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone
7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar 8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place 9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides
lO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually
11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused 12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result
13.[A]Above all[B]In contrast[C]On average[D]For example 14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate 15.[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under 16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks
17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited 18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally 19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings 20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]expose Section II Reading Comprehension Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts,Answer the questions each text by choosing A B.C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(40points)
Text1
Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year.any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing.The main purpose of this\"clawback\"rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk taking and to restore public trust in financial institution,Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit:more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations,to build a stronger economy for future generations.
“Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits,has worsened in publicly traded companies. says the Bank of England's top economist.Andrew Haldane.He quotes a gaint of classical economics,Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like\"Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain.he notes has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.Transient investors,who demand high quarterly profits from companies,can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term research
or
to
build
up
customer
loyalty.This
has
been
dubbed\"quarterly capitalism”.
In addition,new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker use of information,and thus shorters
attention spans in financial markets.\"There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,”said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.
In the US,the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of2002has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year,slightly helping reduce\"short-termism. \"In its latest survey of CEO pay The Wall street Journal finds that\"a substantial part\"of executive pay is now tied to performance.
Much more could be done to encourage\"long-termism,such as changes in the tax code
and
quicker
disclosure
of
stock
acquisitions.In
France,shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.
Within companies,the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders,Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.
21.According to Paragraph1,one motive in imposing the new rule is the
A.enhance bankers'sense of responsibility B help corporations achieve larger profits C.build a new system of financial regulation D.guarantee the bonuses of top executives 22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate A.the conditions for generating quick profits
http://www..com/doc/cb1758337.html,ernments impatience in decision-making
C.the solid structure of publicly traded companies D.\"short-termism\"in economic activities
23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be
A.indited B.adverse
C.minimal D temporary
24.The US and France examples and used to illustrate A.the obstacles to preventing\"short-termism. B.the significance or long term thinking. C.the approaches to promoting long-termism. D.the prevalence of short-term thinking.
25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text A.Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B.Patience as a Corporate Virtue
C.Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D.Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers Text2
Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages)over the past few decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education,in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.But another,related force-a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called grade forgiveness\"-is helping raise GPAs.
Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade,and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student's overall GPA.
The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years,as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in
school(and paying tuition)and improve their gradation rates. When this practice fir started decades ago,it was usually limited to freshmen,to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.But now most colleges,save for many selective campuses,allow
all
undergraduates,and
even
graduate
students,to get their low grades forgiven.
College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program
and
gradation
without
incurring
a
big
penalty.\"Untimely.\"said Jack Mine,Ohio State University's registrar.\"we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.
That said,there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well.For public institutions state finds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention so better grades can,by boosting figures like those,mean more money.And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students who,at the end of the day are paying the bill-feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars,which is another big concern for colleges.
Indeed grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers' expectations for higher education.Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job,it is in the best interest of a school to tum out gradates who are as qualified as possible-or
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