大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷256(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷256 (题后含答案及解

析)

题型有： 4. Translation

Part Ⅳ Translation

1． 中国实行在公共场所禁止吸烟的规定。此举旨在遏制死于与吸烟有关的疾病(smoking-related diseases)的人数，并保护那些不抽烟民众的健康。然而禁烟令的有效性却遭到了质疑，因为它没有明确规定如何处罚那些违反规定的人。在中国，大约有3亿烟民。很多商家因为抽烟客人的抱怨并不欢迎禁烟令。禁烟令涉及的公共场所包括酒店、饭店、剧院和火车站候车室等，却不包括办公场所(workplace).

正确答案： A ban on smoking in public places has come into force in China. The move is aimed at curbing the number of deaths from smoking-related diseases and protecting the health of other nonsmoking people. But the ban has been questioned on its effectiveness because it doesn’t specify any penalty for those violating the rules. The number of smokers in China stands at around 300 million. Many businesses don’t welcome the ban because of the complaints about such rules from their customers who smoke. The ban prohibits smoking in public places such as hotels, restaurants, theatres and waiting rooms at railway stations, but not in the workplace.

解析：1．第1句可译为China has enforced a ban on smoking in public places，但把主语转化为“禁止吸烟的规定”(a ban on smoking)更胜一筹，更能突出主题。2．第3句中的“它没有明确规定如何处罚那些违反规定的人”如果逐字对译为it doesn’t specify how topunish those who violate the rules则显得复杂冗长，不符合英语表达习惯，故将“处罚”转换成名词，作动词“明确”的宾语，表达为specify any penalty。“违反规定的”用分词短语violating the rules来表达。3．第4句“在中国，大约有3亿烟民”可译为there are about 300 million smokers in China。而更有新意的译法是用“(数量)达到……”的短语stand at来表达，更为生动。4．最后一句中的“禁烟令涉及的公共场所包括”如果直译为the public places that the ban includes are…则显生硬，故将主语“公共场所”转换为地点状语，表达为the ban prohibits smoking in public placessuch as…，使句子更自然顺畅。 知识模块：汉译英

2． 中国的农民工(migrant worker)是从农村到城市来寻找工作的农民。他们在建筑工地、工厂、饭店以及家政服务业寻求工作。这些农民工推动着中国经济的快速增长。据报道，去年中国有1．67亿农民工。这个庞大的群体时常面临着被拖欠工资(pay arrears)、缺乏工伤(workplace injury)赔偿和医疗保障，以及子女上学难等诸多问题。近几年，中国政府日益改善农民工的权益。

正确答案： China’s migrant workers are farmers from the countryside looking for jobs in the cities. They power the country’s fast-growing economy by working in construction sites, factories, restaurants and home services industry. There were reportedly 167 million migrant workers in China last year. The huge group often faces various problems such as pay arrears and a lack of workplace injury compensation, health care and schooling for their children. In recent years, the Chinese government has been improving migrant workers’ rights.

解析：1．第1句中的定语“从农村到城市来寻找工作的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，译作from the countrysidelooking for jobs in the cities。2．仔细分析后发现，第2句和第3句之间的关联性较强，宜将第3句处理成主干(they power the country’sfast-growing economy)，第2句处理为方式状语，用介词短语by working in…来表达，结构清晰、逻辑性强。3．第4句“据报道，去年中国有1．67亿农民工”可译为It is reported that there were 167 million migrantworkers in China last year，但这样还不如将“据报道”处理为副词来得简洁，表达为There were repor-tedly 167 million migrant workers in China last year。4．第5句“这个庞大的群体……诸多问题”较长，翻译时，先翻出主干(the huge group faces various pro-blems)，同位语“被拖欠工资、缺乏工伤赔偿和医疗保障，以及子女上学难等”用such as引出。“子女上学难”实则为“缺少教育资源”，为使结构平行和表达简洁，可译作a lack of workplace injury compensation，health care and schooling for their children。 知识模块：汉译英

3． 丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是中国古代的一条商业贸易路线(trade route)。丝绸之路以古代中国的政治、经济、文化中心——古都长安为起点，一直延伸至中亚、北非和欧洲。它最初的作用是出口中国生产的丝绸。随着时间的推移，丝绸之路逐渐变成了一条连接东西方的主要道路，促进了东西方的经济文化交流。后来，有学者把所有沟通中西方的商路统称为丝绸之路。

正确答案： The Silk Road is a trade route in ancient China. It started from the ancient capital Chang’an that was the center of politics, economy and culture in ancient China, and stretched all the way to Central Asia, North Africa and Europe. Its original function was to export the silk produced in China. As time went by, the Silk Road gradually became a main road connecting the East and the West, promoting the economic and cultural exchanges between the two parties. Later, some experts call all the trade routes between China and the West “the Silk Road”.

解析：1．第2句较长，经分析可发现，“古代中国的政治、经济、文化中心”为“古都长安”的同位语，这里可以处理成that引导的定语从句。翻译本句时，可先翻译主干(It started from…，and stretched all the way to．．．)，然后再插入定语从句和后半句的地点。2．第3句中的定语“中国生产的”用过去分词短语produced in China来表达，作后置定语，简洁地道。3．第4句中的定语“连接东西方的”用分词短语connecting the East and the West来表达。“促进了……经济文化交流”可译为and promoted the economic and cultural exchanges，但用现在分词短语promoting the economic．．．来表达，能让句子结构更紧凑。原句中有两个“东西方”，故把后一个译为thetwo parties，以避免重复。4．最后一句中的“有学者……”可译为存现句there are some experts…，但不如处理为some experts…

简洁。 知识模块：汉译英

4． 智能手机日益渗入人们的生活。许多年轻人似乎一刻也离不开它。在大街上，经常可以看到一些年轻人不停地用智能手机拍照，添加一段说明，然后放到微博(microblog)或微信(WeChat)上。的确，智能手机为人们的沟通提供了前所未有的便利,它让人们能随时随地与朋友互动，分享新鲜事。但是，相关学者对此也表示了担忧。因为智能手机反而使身边的人疏远了。

正确答案： Smart phone increasingly penetrates into people’s lives. It seems that many young people can’t live a moment without it. In the streets, we can often see that young people are busy taking pictures and typing some information on their smart phones, before posting them on their microblogs or WeChat. Indeed, smart phones provide great convenience for people by letting them interact with Mends anywhere anytime and share something new. However, some scholars concerned express concern towards it Smart phones are driving their users away from people around them.

解析：1．第1句中的“日益”用副词increasingly来表达，比短语more and more来得精彩。2．第2句“许多年轻人似乎一刻也离不开它”套用句型it seems that．．．来表达，更符合英语表达习惯。3．第3句中的“一些年轻人不停地用智能手机拍照”如果逐字对译为some young people can’t stop usingtheir smart phones to take pictures，则稍显生涩。把“不停地”译成be busy doing sth．，“用智能手机”置于句末作状语on their smart phones，更符合英语表达习惯。“然后放到微博或微信上”中的“然后”表明先后顺序，可直译为and then，但英语中更常用before“在……之前”来表达动作的先后顺序，这种说法更地道。4．第4句中的“提供了……便利：它让人们能随时随地与朋友互动，分享新鲜事”，此句冒号后的内容为“提供便利”的具体形式，故可用by引导的介词短语表达。“随时随地”，一个是时间状语，另一个是地点状语。在英语表达习惯里，时间状语比地点状语更为远离中心语，因此译为anywhere anytime。 知识模块：汉译英

5． 中国的重阳节(Double Ninth Festival)由来已久。人们普遍认为重阳节源于“辟邪”(warding off evil).这一天的活动，包括登山、赏菊(chrysanthemum)、喝菊花酒等。随着时间的推移，它变成了一个庆祝的节日。这天，家人团聚在一起，也会纪念家族的祖先。1989年，我国把这一天定为老人节(Seniors’Day)，表达我们对老人的尊敬与爱戴，使这个节日在新的历史时期继续发挥文化传承的作用。

正确答案： The Double Ninth Festival in China has a long history. It is widely believed that the festival came from the activities of “warding off evil” on that day, including climbing hills, appreciating chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine. Over time it became a day of celebration. On this day, people come together for family reunion and remember their ancestors. In 1989, the Chinese government made this day Seniors’ Day to show our respect and love to the elder people. This festival, therefore, continues to play a role in carrying on culture in the new era.

解析：1．第1句中的“由来已久”可用has a long history来表达。2．第2句中的“人们普遍认为”可以直译为people commonly believe that，但英语更为地道的表达是it iswidely believed that，因为根据上下文来看，施动者不言自明，故没必要译出。3．第5句“这天，家人团聚在一起，也会纪念家族的祖先”，可译成用and引导的并列结构people cometogether for family reunion and remember their ancestors。4．第6句中的“我国”可直译为our country，但因为此动作属于政府行为，故译成the Chinese government更准确。“把这一天定为老人节”可套用结构make sth．sth．(使……成为……)，故表达为made this daySeniors’Day。因本句较长，结构复杂，宜采取“分译”法，故“使这个节日……”另起一句。 知识模块：汉译英