高考英语专项之现在完成时

高考英语专项之现在完成时

一. 教学内容：

现在完成时

1. 表示今后的几种形式

2. 现在完成时

3. 现在进行时及专门用法

二. 重、难点讲解

表示今后的几种形式

1. 一样今后时：shall / will + 动词原型

1）表示未发生或今后存在的状态。

When will they leave for Shanghai?

2） 表示同意或承诺做某事。

That bag looks heavy. I will help you with it.

I won’t tell anyone what happened, I promise.

2. be going to + 动词原型

表示“打算，预备”做某事，多用于口语中侧重于说话者依照客观的种种迹象，判定将要发生的事件或事先做出的安排，因而有一定的预见性和心理预备。will / shall表示临时性的决定。

1）Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain

2）—Your teacher, Mr Zhang, is ill in hospital.

—I know. I’m going to see him this afternoon.

3）—Your teacher, Mr Zhang, is ill in hospital.

—Really? I’ll go to see him this afternoon.

3. be + 动词不定式

◆表示按打算或安排立即发生的动作，在陈述句中能够和be going to互换，差别不大。

1）We’re to meet at the school gate.我们约定在校门口见面。

2）The Queen is to visit Japan next year.

3）The railway is to be opened to traffic on National Day.

4）She is to get married next month.

◆表示“指令”、“命令”，相当于have to或must；用于疑问句时，表示征求意见。

1）You’re to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完作业才能看电视。

2）You are to report to the police.

3）Are we to hand in the papers at half past ten?

4）What are we to do during the weekend?

注意：在表示因客观因素或不受人的意志所操纵或安排的在今后时刻发生的动作时，只能用be going to, 不用be to do.

1）It’s going to rain. 天要下雨了。

错误：It’s to rain.

2）He’s going to fain. 他要晕倒了。

错误：He’s to fain.

◆另外，在条件状语从句中，常用“be +不定式”表示“想”、“打算”

1）If you’re to join us, we’ll wait for you.

2）In such dry weather, the flowers will have to bervive.

watered if they are to su

注意：was / were + to have done 表示没有完成的打算。

1）He was to have left yesterday, but his mother was ill then.

2）I was to have finished the article last week.

4. be about to do

表示立即发生的动作，不与表示今后的时刻状语连用，

但可用于be about to do …when …结构中。

1）Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收就要开始了。

2）I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.

我正预备睡觉，这时 铃响了。

5. be due to do

用于今后时，常与时刻表、旅行打算等有关。

1）The train is due to leave at 10:00. 这趟火车定于10：00发车。

2）The plane from Shanghai is due to arrive at 1:28 p.m..

现在完成时 “have / has + 过去分词” 表示此刻往常发生的动作或情形。

1. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情形。

1）How many pages have you covered today? 你今天看完了多少页？

2）They haven’t seen one another for ages. 他们专门长时刻没见面了。[来源:学

&科&网Z&X&X&K]

2. 对现在有阻碍的某一已发生的动作。

1）Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.

2）I have seen the films many times.

3. 表示过去曾发生过的情形。

He has worked on the farm for three years.

I have seen Hero before.

4. 某些动词的现在完成时可表示一直连续到现在的状态或动作。

1）The meeting has lasted three days.

2）How long have you lived here?

5. 用于表示时刻或条件的状语从句中，表示今后某时刻差不多完成的动作。

We will start at five if it has stopped raining by then.

同一样过去时的区别

一样过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时刻是能够具体确定的，与其他时刻没有牵连。它所表示的情况纯属过去，与现在的情形没有联系。现在完成时表示的情况发生在不能具体指出的现在往常的过去某个或某段时刻。它所表示的情况与现在的情形有紧密的联系，是过去的情况在现在产生的结果或对现在的阻碍。

1. 当有表示过去某时的时刻状语时，多用一样过去时。

1）Just now I came to see you, but you were not in.

2）My father bought me a new computer last Sunday.

2. 当有表示到现在为止这段时刻的状语时，多用现在完成时。

1）She has learned a great deal since she came here.

2） Up till now we have planted hundreds of fruit trees.

3. 当有already, yet, just, never, ever 等时，多用现在完成时。

1）I have just received a beautiful present.

2）Both sides haven’t reached any agreement.

never, ever也可与一样过去时连用。

I never met such a careless kid.

4. 有since引起的状语时，主句谓语常用完成时。

We got to know each other in 2021 and have been good friends ever since.

但表示长度时，可用一样现在时。

It is four years since he joined the army.

注意：瞬时动词不能够与表示时刻段的时刻状语搭配使用。

e.g.

The murderer has been put into the prison for about ten years.

The murderer has been in the prison for about ten years.

He has come to Beijing since last year.

He has lived in Beijing since last year.

常见的瞬时动词：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close,

get up, join,/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump等。

翻译：他们差不多离开了两个小时。__________________________for two hours.

5. 现在完成进行时：“have / has been + 现在分词 ” 表示 现在往常这段时刻里一直在进行的一个动作，那个动作可能还在进行，也可能停止了一会儿。

1）I have been painting the house all the morning.

2）How long has it been raining?

现在完成时与过去完成时的用法区别

两种时态都常与一段时刻和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是连续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时刻的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前差不多完成或连续到过去某时的动作（句中有表示过去特定时刻的状语）。

对比：

1）We were all in high spirits because we had got the first prize.

We are all in high spirits because we have got the first prize.

2）She had been ill for a week before she came back.

She has been ill for a week.

现在进行时的用法

1. 表示说话的现在此刻正在进行的动作。常通过表示现在此刻的时刻状语或通过look / listen这两个提示来表示正在进行的动作。[来源:Zxxk ]

1）She is making a fire now.

2. 表示目前这段时刻正在进行的动作。[来源:1ZXXK]

1）They are planting trees on the hill these days.

2）They are learning Chinese in Beijing.

3. 现在进行时与副词constantly, always, forever等状语连用时，表示反复显现或适应性的动作，含有说话者的颂扬，不满，厌恶和遗憾等情绪。

1）The girl is always smiling happily.[来源:1ZXXK]

2）She is constantly changing her mind.

3）I’m always losing things.

4）He is constantly leaving things about.

5）She is always finding fault with others.

4. 用进行时能够表示委婉的语气。

I am hoping you can come and have supper with us.

5. 用进行时能够表示某一个体动作或心理状态的进展过程。

She is finding that chemistry is much difficult than physics.

6. 现在进行时可用来表示按打算或安排立即发生的动作。这种安排不容随意改变，多与表示移动的动词连用。come, go, arrive, leave, move, start, stay, fly等。

1）He is leaving for London.

2）I’m coming to see you.

注意：在英语中有些动词不能用于进行时。

1）不表示具体动作而表示某种抽象关系或概念的动词：

have；depend；sete;

em; belong; own; possess; consist; appear; look out; gradua

2）表示明白，信念，明白得，估量，怀疑，要求，期望等含义的动词：

know; remember; understand; see; think; want; believe; suppose; hope; doubt; like; hate; desire; need; wish

3）表示连续或连续含义的动词：

keep; last; go on; continue;

4）感官动词：

see; hear; smell; taste; feel; notice