2012年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析
Part I Writing
参考范文： 第一种图表（即我们试题部分的图表）
Education Pays
The bar graph describes the unemployment rates in 2010 for social groups with different education degrees in theUnited States. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics， the better you are educated， the more likely you are to get employed. For example， there are only about 1.9% and 4% of people with doctoral degree and masters degree respectively who are unemployed， while people with only a high school diploma or less suffer a much higher unemployment rate （14.9% and 10.3% respectively）. These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially， when knowledge of science and technology is power， people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market.
It must be added， however， a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity. In order to succeed in the career， people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication， teamwork and social experience.
第二种图表（这也是本次考试的另一份试卷的图表）（见图表2）
Education Pays
As is shown in the bar chart above， the social groups with higher degree are not only more likely to be employed in the first place， but they are also better paid later in the workplace. Those with doctoral and professional degrees enjoy a much higher weekly median earning （$1551 and 1665 respectively） and suffer a much lower unemployment rate （2.5% and 2.4%）. On the other hand， those with less education suffer a considerably higher unemployment rate and have a much lower weekly income. For example， there are a total of 23.5% （9.4%+14.1%） of people unemployed with high school diploma or less， who have only a median weekly income of $545， as compared with the average $797. These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially， when knowledge of science and technology is power， people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market and a competitive edge for workplace promotions. It must be added， however， a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity and higher salary. In order to succeed in the career，
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people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication， teamwork and social experience. 概述
四级考试主要的作文命题形式是“文示”提纲作文，但不时也考应用文（书信、演讲词等）和图表作文，图表作文曾在1991年6月（表格： Changes in Peoples Diet）和2002年6月（柱状图： Student Use of Computers），似乎是10年考一次， 但不排除今后会更频繁地考到。图表作文包括表格作文（table）、曲线图作文（curve）、饼状图作文（pie）和柱状图作文（bar）， 图表作文既有图表为考生提供大量数据信息，有时又有文字提示对作文的要点和展开方向作出规定。 图表作文是一种特殊的提示作文，即通过图表提供作文的话题，写作的要点隐含在图表之中。所以这类作文的构思过程与普通的提示作文大同小异，主要的不同是要在构思前增加一个读图（即对图表的解读）的过程。考生必须先仔细研读图表，使图表中的数据、曲线 、图形等成为与短文标题相关并能为我所用的有意义的信息。任何图表都含有表层信息和深层含义。考生读图时务必要把握这两方面的内容，仅对图表表层信息作一简单描述不是这类作文的命题目的。这类作文主要考的是考生对图表深层次信息（原因、根源、发展可能等）的挖掘和阐述。实践中，不论图表以何种方式出现，这类作文都可以采用下列统一的标准提纲： 第一段 图表描述。概要描述图表所揭示的某种社会现象的变化发展情况，注意尽可能少地直接引用图表数据，要将图表数据进行分析，归纳后进行概括性综述； 第二段 原因或根源。阐述导致该社会现象或发展变化的深层次原因；
第三段 结论或评述。对该社会现象发展变化进行理性预测或利弊评述，也可阐述本人的看法或观点。
根据图表内容和写作指令的要求，图表作文大致有以下二种展开模式：
Pattern I揭示根源及潜在问题的图表
Title
As indicated by the figures/data given in the picture/graph， it is obvious that ① … fell/rose/climbed significantly （greatly/sharply/steadily） from （数字）in （时间）to （数字）in （时间）. It can also be seen that there was a sharp （great） rise （decline/drop） in（方面） from （数字）to （数字）（by n times/ n percent） during the same period.
There are several causes contributing to the development （change/rise/fall） shown in the graph. Among other things， ②…. Besides， ③…. And finally， ④… But there are also some problems/advantages underlying/behind this development/ change， and ⑤… is one of them. Therefore， whether this trend is a blessing or a curse in the long run， only tell can tell.
① 插入名词性从句的主语；概述图表中变化的某个方面； ②、③、④ 插入名词性从句；揭示图表变化的三个内在原因； ⑤ 插入名词短语；提出这种变化背后可能引起的问题。 Sample
Health Gained in Developing Countries（见图表三）
As indicated by the data given in the graph， it is obvious that life expectancy in developing countries has climbed from about 40 years in the 1960s to around
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60 in the 1990s， increasing by 20 years within 3 decades. It can also be seen， as a sharp contrast， that there was a sharp drop in infant mortality， by 15%， from 250 deaths per 1000 births to about 100 deaths per 1000 during the same period. There are several causes contributing to the development shown in the graph. Among other things， the rapid advance in medical science has made it possible to cure a lot of originally incurable diseases and save the life of millions of newborns who might well have been choked or killed before their birth. Besides， the general improvement of ordinary peoples living standard aroused their interest in healthy foods and healthy activities. They are feeding on a balanced diet and doing a lot of physical exercises. And finally， the rapid development of science and technology at large have wiped out famine and minimized the damages caused by floods， earthquakes and other natural disasters where mothers and children suffer most. But there are also some problems underlying this change， andpopulation explosion is one of them. Therefore， whether this trend is a blessing or a curse in the long run， only time can tell.
Pattern II
揭示发展根源及积极趋势的图表
Title
According to the table （curve graph / bar chart / pie chart）， we can see that about（数字/ n percent of…）①…in （时间）， compared with nearly（数字）n years ago and this figure increases to n percent during a period of n years. It can be expected that ②… is/are going to ③…in the years to come. Why do ④…/ What has brought about the ⑤…?
There are many reasons/factors， I think， that underlie the change/ rise/ development. The primary reason/factor is， clearly，⑥…. Besides， ⑦…. And a third reason is probably that ⑧…. Obviously， with the development of ⑨…（and with more and more ⑩…）， I believe that …. So I am sure that … in the long run.
① 插入that从句中的主语和谓语；其中主语前有数字修饰语；
②、③ 插入that从句中的主语和谓语动词；陈述图表揭示的变化趋势； ④ 这是一句why 问句，引出下文对变化原因的探讨；
⑤ 插入名词短语；通常为change，development等表示变化的词； ⑥ 插入名词短语或that从句；提出第一个原因； ⑦ 插入完整句子，以小写开始，提出第二个原因； ⑧ 插入that从句，提出第三个原因； ⑨ 插入名词短语，概括图表涉及的现象； ⑩ 插入作with宾语的复合结构，可省略；
插入名词性句子，提出自己观点，评论这一变化的利弊；
插入名词性句子，进一步肯定自己的观点并判断未来发展趋势。
Colleges Open Their Doors Wider（见图表四）
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According to the bar chart， we can see that about 3.4 million high school graduates entered university in 2000， compared with nearly 1.5 million 2 years ago and this figure increases to 227 percent during a period of 2 years. It can be expected that Chinese universities are going to enroll more students in the years to come. What has brought about the quick expansion?
There are many factors， I think， that underlie the development. The primary one is， clearly，a direct response to the increasing demand for highquality skilled workers to further develop the countrys economy. Besides， expansion of college enrollment will enlarge the domestic demand and stimulate economic development through education consumption. And a third reason is probably that the Chinese job market cannot absorb the big army of high school graduates. Obviously， with the development ofhigher education and with more and more people graduated from colleges， I believe that the national education will reach a new， higher level and our country will become more powerful and prosperous in the world. So I am sure that the rise in college enrollment will do us more good than harm in the long run.
Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） 篇章层次分析：
这是一篇评述英年早逝的著名IT创始人Steve Jobs的说明文。短文把Jobs 喻作魔术大师来阐述他一生在苹果电脑领域的建树。全文共9个自然段。除大标题外短文还附一小标题以明示本文不是介绍一般魔术师的文章。第一段解题，把产品推介会上的Jobs直接比作魔术师，第二段从世界对他突然离世的反应回顾他一生的三大成就；接下来三段分别对这三大成就进行展开： 第三段阐述他作为技术大师的与众不同；第四段分析他作为领袖人物的天赋；第五段介绍他最突出的第三大成就： 如何培育消费者对其产品的忠诚迷恋；第六段由上述四段进一步展开，谈论Jobs对创新这一理念和过程的逆转性影响；第七段剖析他作为“控制怪人”背后的初衷： 使他的电脑最大限度的变得userfriendly；第八段暗示他的去世对苹果公司乃至整个IT领域的损失；最后一段借一位工程师的评述对Jobs作出结论性评述——他创造了一个自己的真实世界并真的做到了“青史留名”。
前面7道选择题分布在前面六段；填空题8～10题集中在7～9三段。
1 ［解析］B）showmanship. 本题明确问及第一段，题干之nobody could match...指向第一句，答案见该句when it comes to putting on a show，...，再结合下文对他在product launches上的评述： performances of a master showman，不难确定答案。 2 ［解析］C）He started the era of personal technology.题干之most deeply affected peoples way of life指向第二段倒数第二句，答案见该段最后一句。
3 ［解析］B）His keen interest in designing elegant and userfriendly gadgets. 题干之Mr Jobs’ great strength指向第三段第一句；答案见第二句：...he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics， and in making advanced technology simple to use。
4 ［解析］A）one of the greatest chief executives of his time. 题干之corporate giants指向第四段第一句，其中being hailed ...as ...相当于题干的saw ...as，答案就是该句最后as引导的短语。
5 ［解析］D）an inspiration. 题干之suffered failure相当于第六句中的fall from
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grace和take a turn for the worse.答案即在句中。 6 ［解析］B）He set up personal links with many of his customers. 题干之astonishing指向短文第五段第一句，注意不能因句中有absolute loyalty就选C） He commanded absolute loyalty from Apple users. 这种loyalty不是他向用户“强求”的，而是他通过自己的人性化产品和他和用户建立的personal link激发的。 7 ［解析］D）It originates in the consumer market. 根据题干之this issues special report about innovation nowadays，确定答案在第六段， 理解该段可知如今的创新源于千家万户，是consumer gadgets， online services， consumer products， inhouse versions of Facebook...
8 ［解析］closed and inflexible由题干之“critics complained” 和 “userfriendliness of Apple products”可知答案在短文第七段第一句。
9 ［解析］combined题干之“Amazon“和 “did the best job in following Apples lead”指向第八段倒数第三句，由 “hardware， software， content and service ...in an easytouse bundle”可知本题是采用have sth. done这一句式对该句的改写。 10 ［解析］creating a reality of his own或putting a ding in the universe题干之“channelling the magic of computing into products”出现在最后一段倒数第二句，答案可以是该句中的created a reality of his own，也可以是最后一句的结论性评述。
Part III Listening Comprehension Section A
注意： 此部分试题请在 答题卡2上作答。
11
W： I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in bloom.
M： Why dont we walk over there and see for ourselves? Q： What will the speakers probably do? 12
M： My presentation is scheduled for 9： 30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hope to see you there.
W： Oh， sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9： 00 o’clock tomorrow.
Q： What do we learn about the woman? 13
W： How long have you been running this company?
M： Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today.
Q： What do we learn about the man? 14
M： Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.
W： I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl! She certainly deserves it. Q： What does the woman mean?
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15
W： Taking a bus to Miami is cheaper than going by train.
M： Thats true. But I’d rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.
Q： What does the man mean? 16
M： I think its time we got rid of all this old furniture.
W： Youre right. We need to promote our image besides its not as if its a real antique.
Q： What do the speakers mean? 17
W： That was some storm yesterday. I was afraid I couldnt make it home.
M： Yeah， most of the roads to my house were flooded. I didnt get home from the lab until midnight.
Q： What do we learn from the conversation? 18
W： My boys are always complaining that theyre bored.
M： Why dont you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week. Q： What does the man mean?
11 ［预测］做什么？如何去公园；去公园赏花；去市场买花；种树。公园、花与树? Why dont ...?的句型功能。
要点信息理解。C） Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.
12 ［预测］She： 应邀做演讲、牙痛而无法工作、无法参加报告会还是9： 30要会见男子？→她无法工作或去（参加）演讲的原因？
要点信息理解，信息干扰。C） She cannot attend the presentation.
13 ［预测］He—一个成功的生意人： 改变了经营策略，计划拓展生意，20岁就接管了公司？
要点归纳推论。B） He is a very successful businessman.
14 ［预测］She： 1） 新闻： 为之惊讶，未曾在网上看到；2）与Susan的关系： 没她聪明，对她极其信任。
要点归纳推论。D） She has every confidence in Susan.
15 ［预测］去Miami，乘汽车还是火车？便宜、方便舒适、还是更快、更划算？ 语气理解、要点信息判断。D） It is worth the money taking a train to Miami. 16 ［预测］旧家具还是古董？古董： 有益提升形象、必须保存；旧家具应该换掉，或搬一个新的办公室。
要点归纳理解。C） The old furniture should be replaced.
17 ［预测］暴风雨/洪水： 持续到午夜，使男子到家很迟，把所有路都淹了，让男子通宵待在实验室。
要点信息理解。B） The man got home late due to the storm.
18 ［预测］孩子们的运动： 女子的孩子——喜欢团队运动、与男子的儿子踢足球；应该每周至少运动一次，没事干就感到无聊？
要点理解推论。A) The womans sons might enjoy team sports.
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Conversation One
［预测］19 电话促销、安排商务谈判、电话接单、处理客户申诉→业务范围? 20 客户问题无法当天回答、客户经常把两者混淆、业务策略各异→存在的问题？21 每人两周、一起度过、轮流过、每人一周→假期（答案在A或D） ？→关于两人的业务和业务中的矛盾。
W： So John， I hear you and Arthur share a job， dont you?
M： Yeah. Weve shared a sales job at Sonatech for about two years now. W： Well， how do you divide up your schedule? M： You know we are both sales representatives， and we take orders over the phone. When we started job sharing it was difficult， because we both worked all day Monday. I worked Tuesday and Thursday， and Arthur worked Wednesday and Friday. The problem was that when I was in the office on Tuesday， I would talk to people， then they would call back on Wednesday with a question. But Arthur couldnt answer the question and he couldnt ask me about it because I wasnt in the office. So he had to ask the people to call me back the next day， Thursday. Of course， they didnt like to wait until the next day to have their questions answered. W： Yes， that sounds like a problem.
M： So， finally we decided that Arthur would work in the mornings and I would work in the afternoons. Now if someone calls with the question for me in the morning， Arthur tells them to call me in the afternoon. This way， people get their questions answered the same day.
W： What do you do about vacations?
M： Well， Sonatech gives the usual two weeks of vacation to fulltime employees. I take a week and Arthur takes a week.
W： It sounds like job sharing has worked out well for you. M： Yes， it has. We are both happy with it.
Questions 19～21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19 What do John and author do at Sonatech? 要点定位理解。C） Take orders over the phone.
20 What problem did John and Arthur have when they started job sharing? 要点理解归纳。A） Customers’ questions could not be answered on the same day. 21 What does John say about their annual vacation? 要点定位理解。D） They each take a week.
Conversation Two
［预测］22 方位地点： 十字路口、学校附近、警察局外、幼儿园前？ 23 他开车？没注意到什么、开得太快、45miles/hour、看不清楚？24 It？两个月前就应该续办、是别人的、不再有效、是假的→驾照？ 25 罚款３５元、拿到罚单、驾照被取消、被迫在社区服务两周→处罚？→交通违章与处罚？ W： May I see your license， please?
M： But officer， did I do something wrong?
W： Do you mean to say you didnt see the speed limit sign back there? M： Um， no， madam， I guess I didnt. W： In other words， you drove by too fast to read it. The sign says 35m/h. A school
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is just nearby， you know?
M： Dont get me wrong， but my speedometer didnt read much faster than that. W： Then， why is it that my radar showed you are going 45? Let me put it another way. Im going to have to give you a ticket. Again， may I see your license， please? M： Here it is， officer. But let me explain. I was late for an important appointment and I was worried that I wouldnt make it on time. So...
W： Uha， just a minute， here. Your license is no longer valid. You should have renewed it two weeks ago. Im going to have to write you up for that， too. M： What? Really?
W： Your license becomes invalid on your birthday and that was two weeks ago， according to the date here. You are in violation of the law—driving without a valid license.
M： Im sorry， madam. I havent realized that.
W： Heres the ticket for not having a valid license. But Im only going to give you a warning about exceeding the speed limit. Be careful next time. M： Yes， madam， officer， I will. Thank you.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation youve just heard. 22 Where was the man stopped by the police officer? 要点（地点）判断。B） Near a school.
23 What did the man claim about the speed limit sign? 要点理解推论。A） He did not notice it.
24 What did the woman say about the mans driving license? 要点定位理解。C） It is no longer valid.
25 What was the mans penalty? 要点定位理解。B） He got a ticket.
Section B
Directions: In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B）， C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One ［预测］26 They： 举止古怪好像记忆出了问题、只要便宜就买、像第一次在那儿一样很激动、更关心价格→购物？ 27 Those： 有VIP卡的、付现金的、需要帮助的、买15件以下的？ 28 做什么： 换一些东西、再回去多拿一些、去掉一些不需要买的、计算总价钱？29 需要： 忍耐、细心、交流技能、数学好？→ 关于购物或购物消费（者）。
Since I started working parttime at a grocery store， I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys something. To me， a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart. One of
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the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line， which is clearly marked 15 items or less， with 20， 25 or even a cartload of items.
Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order， a customer will say， “Oops， I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you dont mind waiting while I go get it.” Five minutes later， hes back with the bread， a bottle of milk， and three rolls of paper towels. Strange it seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries， my customers will wait until I announce the total. Then， in surprise， she says， “Oh no， what did I do with my check book?” After 5 minutes of digging through her purse， she borrows my pen because shes forgotten hers. But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary， and thats something I cant afford to forget.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26 What does the speaker say about customers’ entering the grocery store? 要点理解归纳。A） They behave as if their memories have failed totally.
27 Which customers are supposed to be in the express line? 要点定位理解。D） Those with 15 items or less.
28 What does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the checkout counter?
要点理解归纳。B） Go back and pick up more items.
29 What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk? 要点定位理解。A） It requires tolerance.
Passage Two ［预测］30 Presentation和speech： 简单明了、一套理论的正式提出、巧用视频工具、自然而随意的风格？31 熟练的手势与表情、书面语和口头语风格的差异、事先准备的重要性、听众的不同偏好？32 成为演说高手的关键、公共演讲的日趋重要、跨文化交际的意义、美亚文化差异→主题？→关于一次主题发言及其发言主题？
The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal. Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefullywritten manual scripts. On the other hand， American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers and other cultures. American audiences prefer natural， spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication. They dont relay well to speakers who read from a manual script. If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepared text， your speech will not only sound more natural， but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should
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not be the same as the language and style you use when writing. Well written information that is meant to be read does not work as well when it is heard. It is， therefore， important for you to adapt written texts or outlines for presentations. Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible， they use short words. Listeners appreciate it when speakers use simple， everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that it is much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.
Questions30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30 What does the speaker say American audiences prefer? 要点定位理解。D） A natural and spontaneous style of speech.
31 What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation? 要点定位理解。B） Differences in style between writing and speaking. 32 What does the speaker focus on in the talk? 主题归纳概括。A） The key to becoming a good speaker.
Passage 3
［预测］33 By doing...： 经常得到赞扬、观察老师怎么做、大人反复纠正、和别人比较→孩子学习的方法？ 34 所有孩子机会均等、出错极为正常、小孩发现不了自己的错误、好学生天生聪明→ 如何看待小孩学习中的错误？35 It： 有助于学习、有益于成长、独立能力强的孩子受益、有益于知识积累→某种教育方式？→关于幼儿教育。
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much， he will stop talking. He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit， he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples. In the same way， kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers， to walk， run， climb， ride a bike， play games， compare their own performance with what more skilled people do， and slowly make the needed changes.
But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. Soon he becomes dependent on the expert. We should let him do it himself. Let him figure out， with the help of other children if he wants it， what this word says， what is the answer to that problem， whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that.
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If right answers need to be given， as in mathematics or science， give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help children when they tell us that they cant find a way to get the right answer.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33 How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker? 要点理解概括。D） By comparing his performance with others.
34 What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker? 要点定位理解。C） Children cannot detect their own mistakes.
35 What does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching? 主题观点推论。A） It is unhelpful to students’ learning.
Section C
Time is， for the average American， of utmost importance. To the （36） foreign visitor， Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things （37） accomplished on time （according to a predetermined schedule） than they are with developing deep （38） interpersonal relations. Schedules， for the American， are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest （39） detail. It may seem to you that most Americans are completely （40） controlled by the little machines they wear on their wrists， cutting their discussions off （41） abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time. Americans’ language is filled with （42） references to time， giving a clear （43） indication of how much it is valued. Time is something to be “on，” to be “kept，” “filled，” “saved，” “wasted，” “gained，” “planned，” “given，” “made the most of，” even “killed.”
The international visitor soon learns that （44） it is considered very rude to be late—even by 10 minutes—for an appointment in America.
Time is so valued in America， because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one “wastes” time and doesnt keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. （45） It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive， and productivity itself is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time， using it wisely， and setting and working toward specific goals. （46） Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.
Part IV Reading Comprehension Section A选词填空 短文层次分析：
这是一篇关于手机辐射对健康的影响的研究性报告。短文第二句提出主题： 人们对其所知
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甚少。接着指出已有足够的研究证明脑部肿瘤、头痛和儿童行为异常与之相关，但还没有结论性证据，第二部分描述了一次新的实验，短文最后一句是对该实验和全文的总结。
待选单词词性分类
名词：G） increase增加，增长 I） mission使命，任务 M） regions地区；范围；部位
动词：B） contributes贡献，出力，有助于（to） C） derive 源于；得自（from） D） expresses表达；快递 E） fixed固定；安装 G） increase 增加，增大 H） maintain维持；维修；主张 J） participate参加；加入 （in） L） provides提供；规定；装备 O） switched切换；开关
形容词：A） conclusive决定性的；确定性的 E） fixed固定的；确定的 K） particular 特别的；详细的；独有的
副词：F） immensely极大地；无限地 N） surprisingly惊人地；出人意外地 如此多的人每天如此频繁地使用手机。但手机使用对人健康的影响为人们明确所知的却令人惊奇的有限。制造商主张在无线电频率辐射的安全方面，手机是符合政府标准的。但是已经有足够的研究开始证明手机使用可能会增加罕见的脑部肿瘤，头疼，以及儿童的行为障碍等问题并足以引起社会关注。迄今为止，关于使用手机是否会导致患癌几率的增加尚没有结论性证据。在一次新的实验中，研究人员要求47名志愿者参加一个通过扫描大脑来检测大脑中葡萄糖消耗量的科研项目，以此来观察细胞如何消耗能量。在两个均为50分钟的扫描检测中，每个志愿者的两只耳朵上各固定一个手机。在第一次扫描检测中，手机是关闭的。但在第二次检测中，固定在右耳的手机被打开并接收录音来电。但检测中手机音量被关闭以免声音对实验结果造成影响。第二次扫描检测的结果显示大脑中靠近手机的区域对葡萄糖的消耗率比其它区域更高。这一研究表明手机会改变脑细胞活动，并且为进一步科学探索提供了一条新的途径，尽管本实验并没有表明手机辐射是否会导致癌症的发生。 47 N） surprisingly 缺副词，空挡后做主语的little是限定词，修饰限定词要用副词，如quite a few， too many， not much等；
48 H） maintain 缺谓语动词。主语是复数，宾语为that从句，可选动词中非maintain莫属；
49 G） increase缺名词。后接介词in，表示后述病例有所“增加”；
50 A） conclusive 缺分词或系动词的表语。后接on + whether从句，可选分词fixed和switched均可后接on但均不能与whether从句搭配；选conclusive，表示在……方面的证据具有结论性；
51 B） contributes 缺谓语动词。后接介词to，主语是the use of cell phones，为第三人称单数，时态是现在时，排除swiched；contributes to表示“有助于、引起、导致”； 52 J） participate 缺动词不定式。后与介词in搭配，逻辑主语是volunteers，宾语是project： “志愿者参加一个实验项目”；
53 E） fixed 缺宾语补足语： 分词、动词原形。此处是动词have的句型“have sth. done”， 选过去分词， have a phone fixed to the ear表示“把手机固定到耳朵上”； 54 O） switched 缺表语形容词或分词。后接介词on， 主语是the phone， 这里用switch on 的被动形式；
55 M） regions 缺名词。the ~ of结构中缺的一定是名词，句中空缺部分为主语，后与the rest of the brain进行对比，选regions 表示“大脑的某些区域”；
56 L） provides 缺谓语动词。句型结构是~ sth for ~， 此处谓语动词可以与shows 并列，也可与change相并列，取前者，与shows并列。
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Section B Passage One
这是一篇讨论就业增长数据和职场人员更替何者对求职影响更大的说明文。短文从高失业率和近乎于零的就业增长率开启，而后于第一段最后一句切入主题。第二、三段阐述职场人员更替创造更多就业机会；第四段补充说明就业增长率对就业成功率也有一定影响；最后两段概述求职成功的几个要素和对求职者的建议。
正如你可能意识到的一样，最近的就业市场新闻并不乐观： 失业率仍旧在百分之九以上，新的就业创造率跌到接近零点。这样的状况对经济当然非常不利。如果眼下你碰巧在找工作或者希望换个职业，这样的就业状况当然特别令你沮丧。 但实际上这并没有你想象的那么重要。那是因为就业增长数对求职者而言没有就业人员更替数据那样重要。现有的就业岗位毕竟每天都会随晋升，辞职，解雇，和退休而腾空。（确实，在这样经济状况下也有人退休。） 无论时局好坏，人员更替提供的就业机会比经济增长本身所能提供的更多。即使在经济还在增长的2007年6月，就业增长只有13万2千，而人员更替则是470万！
其结果是，即使在就业增长数接近零的今天，每月仍旧有超过400万的求职者被雇佣。 我并不想暗示整个就业增长率不会对个人就业能力造成影响。确实，如果总就业率很高那么可供我们选择（竞争）的职业会更多。但另一现实是现在每一个就业空缺都有更多的人在竞争，无论该空缺是新的就业机会还是旧的职业岗位。
但能够成功找到工作的和没能找到工作的人之间的区别就在于他们是否能坚持积极寻找。成功者往往乐于 刻苦挖掘了解自身有价值的技能、就去何处如何求职颇具创造力、懂得如何在潜在的雇主面前展示自己的潜能、甚至能在一次次的被拒绝后勇往直前。就业统计局的数据显示 有270万想找工作且没有工作的人在过去的4个星期里并没有在找寻工作，因而不再被归为失业人员。
所以不要被新闻标题所欺骗从而放弃寻找工作的机会。在美国每个月有400万人获得就业，你完全可以是其中的一员。
57 C） should not stop people from looking for a job. 观点归纳推论题。本题问及作者对高失业率的看法，答案见第一段最后两句和第二段第一句，而主要是第一段最后的主题句： But it actually shouldnt matter to you nearly as much as you think.推而知之。
58 B） Job turnover
要点理解归纳题。本题问及大多数职位空缺来自哪里。理解第二、三段就可以知道答案。 59 A） It doesnt have much effect on individual job seekers. 要点定位理解题。本题题干之overall job growth指向第四段第一句，答案是该句的重述。 60 C） Persistence
要点理解归纳题。本题问及成功就业要素，答案见第五段，综合该段要点： be willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills； be creative about where and how to look； learn how to present themselves to potential employers； and keep going， even after repeated rejections.，成功找到工作关键在于： keep going， even after
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repeated rejections。
61 D） They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job. 要点定位理解题。本题问及美国就业数据，答案见第五段最后一句： 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadnt looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.
Passage Two
这是一篇讨论老年人接受常规肿瘤检查是否合乎情理与必要的说明文。短文第一段提出话题；第二段对这种常规检查必要性提出质疑并揭示原因；第三段谈到这些检查的副作用及废除的艰难；第四段简述对老年人进行肿瘤检查是否应该分别对待；最后三段介绍了医生的一些现行做法。
我们患癌症的风险会随着年龄的增长而戏剧性提高。所以让老年人例行常规肿瘤检查是合乎情理的——难道不是吗？
这样对癌症的警觉追踪总体上不是坏事，但 有研究人员不断质疑这些测试对老年人是否确有必要。由于到2050年超过65岁的老年人占人口的百分比将接近现在的两倍，权衡检查带来的健康益处和其带来的风险和损失就显得很有必要。 在许多情况下，检查常会导致需要进行摘除癌症的手术，虽然这些癌症本身可能发展缓慢而不会对患者的晚年造成严重的健康影响。但是 由于每个人都必须进行肿瘤检查的理念已变得如此根深蒂固以至于当保健专家建议50岁以下、74岁以上的女性停止乳腺癌检查时，医生、患者以及倡议组织当中一片哗然。
很难用科学数据来根除人们对癌症检查根深蒂固的信念。当然，确实也有75岁以上的人在常规检查出癌症并因为及时治疗后多活了不少年。而且很显然，有家族遗传史和早期个人疾病史以及其它患癌风险因素的75岁以上的人，应该继续进行常规的检查。但对于其他人群而言，其患癌几率虽然在晚年会增加，但这一因素必须和预期寿命等其它因素进行权衡。 一次近期的研究表明医生开始做一些更加客观的关于谁更会从检查中得益的决定。特别是考虑到老年人口的急剧膨胀，将很快促使人口总数大涨。
这不是一个简单的计算题，但它对所有患者都说得通。Otis Brawley医生说， “许多医生安排患者检查仅仅是为了自我保护。我们需要考虑理性地利用医疗保健。”
这意味着需要和老年患者一起做一些艰难的决定，并与 在医疗保健问题上越多总是越好这样的误导性理念背道而驰。
62 D） The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.
主题性要点理解题。本题问及短文主题性话题的内容，即第一段大意，是全文讨论的主题。 63 C） They are doubtful about its necessity.
要点定位理解题。本题问及some researchers 对上述话题的新认识，答案涉及第二段第一句内容： increasingly questioning whether it is necessary。 64 B） It is a must for adult women.
要点理解推论题。本题问及women breast cancer 的screening，答案见第三段最后一句；但本题问的是短文并没有直接提到的传统观念，答案在该句的字里行间，当推而知之。 65 A） They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.
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要点定位理解题。本题题干之many doctors 和routine screening 指向第六段Otis Brawley医生的评述，答案涉及对purely to cover themselves（仅为自我保护）的理解。 66 A） The more， the better.
要点定位理解题。本题问及general view about health care， 对应最后一段的when it comes to health care，答案是more is always better 的重述。
Part VCloze
这是一篇介绍母亲和孩子早年的情感关系如何影响孩子成年后的冒险探索魄力的说明文。短文第一段引出主题，概述母子情感疏密影响后者探索世界的意愿为动物界所常见，同时这种疏密与冒险魄力成正比；第二段详细描述了一个刊载在网上的实验研究，第三段为该实验的进一步验证补充并提出结论。
母婴之间的强烈的情感纽带会增加孩子探索世界的意愿。这一现象 在整个动物王国，在人类，猴子，甚至蜘蛛群体中被广为发现。我们与母亲的依恋越紧密，我们越有可能尝试新事物和挑战风险。如今研究者发现这一现象将会持续到成年。只要一个母亲触摸的提示或者电话里她的声音 就足以改变人的想法和情绪，并能在很大程度上 影响他们的决策过程。 在一份网上四月刊心理科学杂志 公布的研究中，大学商科本科生需要在安全和风险赌注间做出选择，——如一种每年有百分之四 回报率保证的债券和一种风险更高的股票。在半数情况下，实验人员 轻轻地拍打学生后背一秒钟，并 同时口头就实验进行说明。与那些没有被触摸或被男性研究员拍打的学生 相比，被女性实验员拍击的男女学生选择高风险赌注的可能性要高 很多。来自女性的宽慰的拍击有可能引起早年的联想，并 激发了与 总是得到母亲支持的少年身上所能看到的对探索的开放态度。一位哥伦比亚大学的经济学教授和这一实验的主要发起人Jonathan Levav这样解释。
为了进一步 确定女性的碰触使安全感 与风险挑战相联系，研究人员对 另一组大学生在写作练习后就金融决策进行了提问，他们中有半数描述了他们感到安全和得到支持的经验，而 另外一半学生写到了关于缺乏安全感和孤独的感受。唤起不 安全感使得后一组学生 格外能够接受来自女性实验人员的温和的肩膀拍击从而使他们更加愿意去挑战风险——就如同一个将要去野外旅行的孩子在上车前可能会偷偷 要妈妈给她最后来个安慰性的拥抱一样。
67 D）across 动词语义搭配： 与被动结构连用，通常选by，但空挡后还有一个并列的介词in， 故选across更加贴切，强调上述现象在“整个”动物界“普遍”存在； 68 B）attachment 名词主题性语义搭配： 本文谈母亲和子女的情感纽带，空挡后接介词to，attachment to为常用搭配，表示“对……的依恋”；appeal to也是常用搭配，表示“对……的吸引力”；
69 C）mere 形容词语义关联： a mere + 名词 is enough to/for...是英语中常用的关联句式；
70 A）enough 形容词语义关联： “一提到……就足以……”（解释见69题）；
71 C）affecting现在分词上下文语义： 此处为现在分词短语做补充说明，意思是上文 “change peoples minds and moods”的延伸，in a measurable way表示“在相当大的程度上”；generating， regulating 和refining分别表示“产生”，“调节”和“改善”； 72 B）published过去分词语义搭配： 一则研究“发表、刊载”在网上；exhibited意为“展示，展出”， appeared表示“出现”为不及物动词，不能用作过去分词短语， advertised意为“做广告”；
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73 A）return名词上下文语义；这里的上下文提到bets， gambles， bond， stock等，修饰语是guaranteed， 4 percent 和yearly，return作为一个金融学术语，表示“回报（率）”；
74 D）lightly 副词语义搭配： 这里的副词修饰pat， 该动词就表示出于爱抚或鼓励的“轻”拍，不能与strongly，seemingly 等搭配； 75 C）while连词上下文语义： 后接分词providing，是省略句结构，只能选if或while；这里的上下文表示鼓励地轻拍肩膀的“同时”给实验参与者作一些口头解释；
76 B）far 比较级修饰语： 可用far， way， much， little， by far， all the等）； 77 A）than连接词： 空缺处缺比较级关联词than，难点是此处采用了倒装结构，正常语序应该是： than those who ... were （likely to choose the risky alternative）. 原因是than从句的主语部分太长，不倒装反而头重脚轻，不易理解；
78 C）inspiring 现在分词上下文语义： 此处也是现在分词短语做补充说明，作为上文 “induce early associations ”的延伸；动词的宾语是openness to exploration， 当选inspiring， 表示“激发，激起”；
79 A）supportive形容词主题性语义搭配；本文提到的“母亲”侧重于对子女的关爱、鼓励， 故选supportive，意为“支持的，袒护的”；
80 D）confirm 动词语义搭配： 后接that从句，可接ensure或confirm，但上下文谈到有关母亲（女性）的轻抚对受试者决策胆略的影响，下文是进一步的验证，故选confirm； 81 B）with介词关联搭配： link A（feelings of security） with B（risk taking）； 82 C）different 形容词上下文语义；这是一组“不同的”受试者，注意relative作定语表示“相对的”，而表示“相关的”（related，relevant）；competitive意为“有竞争力的”；successive表示“依次的，接替的”； 83 B）other 形容词、限定词上下文语义： 上文提到half of them，这里应该是the other half（另一半）；因为half只有两个； 84 D）sense名词语义搭配： “安全感”、“不安全感”分别表述为： sense/feeling of security和sense/feeling ofinsecurity；
85 A）especially 副词语义搭配及近形干扰： especially和specially近形，但语义有差异，前者表述“尤其，特别，更为”，后者意为“专门，特地”，修饰receptive可选especially或entirely，但上下文语义有对比概念，故选especially； 86 D）from 介词搭配： hug from Mom表述来自母亲的拥抱。
Part VI Translation
87 考否定词状语短语引导的倒装句及时态。第一句为过去时间，第二句never before常与完成时态连用，用过去完成时态；感到如此激动译作“feel so excited”。
I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life had I felt so excited（我感到如此激动）！
88 考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。第二句的otherwise是一个隐含的虚拟条件句，相当于If Jane had not left the meeting early yesterday，因此需要翻译的部分必须用
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虚拟结果句，表示与过去事实相反的一种假定结果。“可能会”用could，故谓语动词用“could have +过去分词”形式；“后来会懊悔的”译作regret later或feel/be sorry for later，通常用一个简短的定语从句表述。
Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise， she could have said something that she might regret later （可能会说一些后来会懊悔的话）.
89 考动名词短语句型。have difficulty/problem/trouble/a hard time等后接动名词短语（in） doing something”，表示做什么有困难/麻烦/很艰难。“集中精力”译作concentrate/focus on；“复习功课”；译作“review/go over lessons”。
With the noise going on outside the classroom， I had great difficulty （in） concentrating/focusing on （reviewing） my lessons （集中注意力复习功课）.
90 考It is the first/second/...last time （that）...句型。该句型中，time后的从句属于定语从句。引导词that常可省略；从句的谓语动词需用完成时态；“听到某人做某事”表达为”hear sb. doing/do sth.；“用法语交流” 译作communicate（with each other） in French。
This is the first time I have heard them communicate （with each other） in French.（听到他们用法语交流）.
91 考特定词汇的用法。本题只缺连系动词be的表语，在结构上很简单，但测试重点在词汇，英语的“可以获取的”常用be available或be accessible表达；available因不同的语境可理解为“可得到的，可获得的，空闲的，能借/买到的”等；accessible则通常仅指信息资料等“可进入，可获得”；“免费”译作”for free”。
All the information you need to apply for your visa is available/accessible for free （可以免费获 取）.
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