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动词不定式用法归纳(精华版)

2024-03-10 来源:意榕旅游网
动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容 词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另 外,动词不定式具有动词特点, 可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。

动词不定

式的肯定形式是 to+ do;其否定形式是 not to+ do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予

以详细说明。 1. 作主语

可以直接作主语。如:

To see is to believe . 但在英语中,常用

it 作形式主语,真 正 的 主 语 即 动 词 不 定 式 放 在 后 面 。 如 : It's

wrong

to

play

tricks

on

other

people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy . 规律:动词

不定式在句中作主语时,常放在 It is + adj.(形容词)+ to do sth.或 It is + n.(名 词)+ to do sth. it 仅作形式主语。 2. 作宾语 want ,decide ,agree 等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。 如: We agreed to start early .

She wants to be a doctor.

而 love, like , begin, start, hate ,

prefer 等词后面可以接不定式,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示: like

doing 指

经常性动作, 而 like

to do 指一次性的动作。 如: I like swimming , but I don't like

to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。

特别注意 : stop,

forget, remember, go on , try 等词或短语后面可以接不定式。但后面接 不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。如 : 1)stop to do sth.停止一件事,去做另一件事。 Stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。

例: When the teacher came in , the students

stopped talking ; when he came out,the students stopped to talk . 当老师走进

来时,学生们停止说话; 当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget ,remember,go on, try 等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? 在 find / feel+ it+ adj .+ to do sth.句型中, it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不

定式。如: The man downstairs found

it difficult

to get to sleep.

I feel it

easy to recite the text. 3. 作宾语补足语

tell ,ask, want, order,teach,invite ,warn,wish , help, get,wish ,help 等词后面常接不 定式作宾补。 如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write .

let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。 如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day. I heard her

sing in

the next

room. 提示:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号

to 要加上。如: They

are made to work 16 hours a day by

the boss.

She was heard to sing

in the next room.

4. 作定语:放在被修饰的名词、 代词后面 . 例:I have a lot

of work

to do. The

doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 规律:动词不定式若在句中作 定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动 宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to

live in.

Have you got some pens to write with ?

5. 表语:放在连系动词 be 后面 .

例:His wish is to become a scientist. The

first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives . 当务之急是抢救战士们的生

命。 规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。

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6. 作状语

目的状语:放在

go , come, use, live , in order 等词后面。如: I come to see

you. He runs fast in order to get there in time.

原因状语: 放在 sorry ,glad ,surprised, disappointed ,excited 等词后面。 如: I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you.

作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach. large enough to hold 1000 people.

He taught us how to

The

room

is

7. 与 what, who, whose, when, where, how 等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主 语等。如: I don't know

what to do next.(宾语)

use the computer .(宾语补足语) It's still

a question how 语) 热身练习:

根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. It's time for us ( have) supper. 2. Would

you like ( go) shopping with

me?

3. It took us half an hour ( work ) out the problem.

4. He is old enough ( join) the army. 5. I feel strange ( have) a twin

sister.

6. I am very glad ( meet) you here.

7. They prefer ( stay) at home rather than go out.

8. We saw them (come) into

the room just now.

9. What he said made me ( feel)sorry. 10. I am sorry.

I forgot ( tell)you the news. 11. His plan is ( spend)a few days in the mountains.

12. Have you got anything ( say)?

13. Have you decided which one ( choose)?

14. Do you know when ( start)?

15. He is too weak ( carry) the big stone.

Key: 1. to have; 2. to go 3. to work

4. to join

to meet 7. to stay 8. come

9. feel 10. to

tell

to say

13. to choose

14. to start

15. to

carry

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5. to have 6. 11. to spend

12.

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