动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容 词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另 外,动词不定式具有动词特点, 可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定
式的肯定形式是 to+ do;其否定形式是 not to+ do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予
以详细说明。 1. 作主语
可以直接作主语。如:
To see is to believe . 但在英语中,常用
it 作形式主语,真 正 的 主 语 即 动 词 不 定 式 放 在 后 面 。 如 : It's
wrong
to
play
tricks
on
other
people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy . 规律:动词
不定式在句中作主语时,常放在 It is + adj.(形容词)+ to do sth.或 It is + n.(名 词)+ to do sth. it 仅作形式主语。 2. 作宾语 want ,decide ,agree 等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。 如: We agreed to start early .
She wants to be a doctor.
而 love, like , begin, start, hate ,
prefer 等词后面可以接不定式,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示: like
doing 指
经常性动作, 而 like
to do 指一次性的动作。 如: I like swimming , but I don't like
to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
特别注意 : stop,
forget, remember, go on , try 等词或短语后面可以接不定式。但后面接 不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。如 : 1)stop to do sth.停止一件事,去做另一件事。 Stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。
例: When the teacher came in , the students
stopped talking ; when he came out,the students stopped to talk . 当老师走进
来时,学生们停止说话; 当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget ,remember,go on, try 等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? 在 find / feel+ it+ adj .+ to do sth.句型中, it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不
定式。如: The man downstairs found
it difficult
to get to sleep.
I feel it
easy to recite the text. 3. 作宾语补足语
tell ,ask, want, order,teach,invite ,warn,wish , help, get,wish ,help 等词后面常接不 定式作宾补。 如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write .
let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。 如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day. I heard her
sing in
the next
room. 提示:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号
to 要加上。如: They
are made to work 16 hours a day by
the boss.
She was heard to sing
in the next room.
4. 作定语:放在被修饰的名词、 代词后面 . 例:I have a lot
of work
to do. The
doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 规律:动词不定式若在句中作 定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动 宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to
live in.
Have you got some pens to write with ?
5. 表语:放在连系动词 be 后面 .
例:His wish is to become a scientist. The
first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives . 当务之急是抢救战士们的生
命。 规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
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6. 作状语
目的状语:放在
go , come, use, live , in order 等词后面。如: I come to see
you. He runs fast in order to get there in time.
原因状语: 放在 sorry ,glad ,surprised, disappointed ,excited 等词后面。 如: I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you.
作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach. large enough to hold 1000 people.
He taught us how to
The
room
is
7. 与 what, who, whose, when, where, how 等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主 语等。如: I don't know
what to do next.(宾语)
use the computer .(宾语补足语) It's still
a question how 语) 热身练习:
根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. It's time for us ( have) supper. 2. Would
you like ( go) shopping with
me?
3. It took us half an hour ( work ) out the problem.
4. He is old enough ( join) the army. 5. I feel strange ( have) a twin
sister.
6. I am very glad ( meet) you here.
7. They prefer ( stay) at home rather than go out.
8. We saw them (come) into
the room just now.
9. What he said made me ( feel)sorry. 10. I am sorry.
I forgot ( tell)you the news. 11. His plan is ( spend)a few days in the mountains.
12. Have you got anything ( say)?
13. Have you decided which one ( choose)?
14. Do you know when ( start)?
15. He is too weak ( carry) the big stone.
Key: 1. to have; 2. to go 3. to work
4. to join
to meet 7. to stay 8. come
9. feel 10. to
tell
to say
13. to choose
14. to start
15. to
carry
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5. to have 6. 11. to spend
12.
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