2014届高三英语二轮专题强化选精：阅读理解
1.
WHAT can help you make a fortune in the future? Graduating from a top university might not be enough. A new study from the University of Essex in Britain has shown that the more friends you have in school, the more money you’ll earn later.
The idea that popularity could have a serious influence on one’s earning potential shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise. The researchers noted that if you want to get ahead in life, social skills and networking are easily as powerful as talent and hard work.
“If a person has lots of friends, it means that he or she has the ability to get along with others in all kinds of different situations,” said Xu Yanchun, 17, from Nantou High School in Shenzhen, who totally agreed with the recent finding. “Also, friends always help each other. They not only create wider social circles for you but lift your mood when you are occasionally in low spirits,” said Xu. She believed that all this helps you “earn a higher salary.”
Maybe that’s why some people think the younger generations are in the age of Friendalholism (交友狂症)? A woman even complained that the networking website Facebook’s 5,000-friend limit was too low for her large reserve of social contacts.
But what does friend mean? Should friends be regarded as a form of currency?
“Call me uncool, but I think of a friend as an actual person with whom I have an actual history and whom I enjoy actually seeing. It seems, however, that this is no longer the definition of friend”, said Meghan Daum, who works with The Los Angeles Times in the US.
Daum dislikes the idea that quantity trumps quality in the age of friendaholism. She thought the idea of friendship, at least among the growing population of Internet social networkers, was to get as many of not-really-friends as possible. For example, a friend might be someone you might know personally but who could just as easily be the friend of a friend of some other Facebook friend you don’t actually know. Although she agreed that social ties grease(润滑)the wheels of life, she also warned. “ Too bad one thing money can’t buy is a real friend.” 64. What can friends do in the eyes of Xu Yanchun? A. They can help you with your schoolwork. B. They teach you how to make more money.
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C. They help you to get rid of sadness and cheer up D. They introduce their friends to you.
65. What will be needed if you are to achieve success according to the researchers? A. Social skills, friends, good mood and fortune. B. Social skills, networking, talent and hard work.. C. Social skills, networking, potential and fortune. D. Social skills, talent, hard work and the facebook.
66. We learn that Meghan Daum’s attitude towards friends-is somewhat . A. up-to-date B. optimistic C. confused D. traditional 67. What does the word “trumps” in the last paragraph mean?
A. is better than B. is equal to C. is worse than D. is similar to
2.
There is an English saying that goes, \"he who laughs last, laughs the hardest.\" High School Musical（歌舞青春） star and teen heartthrob (让人心动的男人) Zac Efron is laughing a lot these days.
As a young boy, Efron was picked on in school because he was always the smallest in his class and teased because he had a big space between his teeth．In sixth grade, Efron's basketball team made it to the league championships．In double overtime, with three seconds left, he rebounded the ball and passed it — to the wrong team! They scored and his team lost the game.
But history, as they say, is a thing of the past．Now at 21, Efron is one of People magazine's 100 Most Beautiful People, graces the cover of Entertainment Weekly, Hollywood's most influential magazine, and is traveling the world promoting the third High School Musical film．Director Adam Shankman described Efron as \"arguably（可以说是/ 认为） the biggest teen star in America right now.\" Simply google \"Zac Efron\" and you get more than 14 million responses．Yes, it seems Efron has a lot to smile about these days.
Efron was born and raised in California．He took school seriously．According to Efron, \"he would flip out (发疯) if he got a B and not an A in school, and that he was a class clown..” It was his father who encouraged him to act．He took part in school performances and with a local
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theater group．He also took singing lessons．He graduated from high school in 2006 and was accepted at the University of Southern California to study film．But he deferred (延期) — why study movies when you can star in them.
Now he has signed on to star in the romantic comedy Seventeen Again and to play in the remake of the hugely popular movie, Footloose．Efron is also earning more than $3 million for his role in High School Musical 3．Not bad for a 21-year-old．But Efron still remembers those bullies（欺凌弱小者）.
\"You always have to remember that bullies want to bring you down because you have something that they admire,\" Efron said．\"Also, when you get made fun of, when people point out your weaknesses, it's an opportunity for you to rise above.\"
Efron has risen all the way to the top of the movie business．And he can now laugh all the way to the bank.
60．The writer used the English saying at the beginning to ____.
A．suggest that successful Efron doesn’t have such a smooth past B．suggest that Efron still has a long way to go C．show that Efron’s success is hard earned D．show that Efron has beaten his critics
61．How do you understand the sentence “But history, as they say, is a thing of the past” in Paragraph 3?
A．Better let the past be the past. B．History does not decide future.
C．Different from history, Efron is quite popular now. D．History plays an important role in Zac Efron’s life. 62．What did Zac Efron probably do when he was bullied?
A．He would ignore them since he knew they just wanted to make him feel bad. B．He was the class clown so he used these experiences as sources of his jokes. C．He would take the bullies seriously and later found chances to fight back. D．He cheered himself up and used it as motivation to move on． 63．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Children often like to make fun of others’ physical features.
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B．Director Adam Shankman wasn’t sure Efron is the biggest teen star in America right now． C．With his current success in movies and bigger movie roles to play, Efron is making a fortune.
D．When he goes to the bank, Efron laughs all the way.
3.
Eric and Doris King Turner are packing their bags for New Zealand. They're busy deciding what to pack and what to leave behind in Britain and are making plans to extend their new home in Nelson. Doris is looking forward to getting the garden into shape and Eric has his heart set on a spot of fly fishing. The difference is that Eric is 102, Doris is 87. Eric thinks he's Britain's oldest emigrant. In January next year Eric King Turner and his wife of 12 years will wave goodbye to their neighbors, and set sail from Southampton on the voyage of a lifetime. The ocean liner (远洋客轮)Saga Rose will take six weeks to get to Auckland and the couple are expecting a red-carpet welcome from family.
Doris was born in New Zealand but gave up her homeland when the couple met and married in the late 1990s. But New Zealand is close to both their hearts and the attraction of family and friends, and the good fishing helped to persuade them to move.
Doris, who has five children and nine grandchildren, supported her husband's application to settle in New Zealand. The paperwork took five months. Eric says, \"We not only had to produce a marriage certificate（证书） but we had to produce evidence that we were in a long and stable relationship!\" He also said he was not asked about his age but had to show that he could support himself financially (财政上) in New Zealand.
\"I like New Zealand. The way of life is very much the same as it is here but it is not so crowded.\" His wife has always been “a little bit homesick” but has never complained. Now the couple are in the middle of the task of sorting out possessions and selling their flat. 56．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. They decided to leave all the things behind in Britain. B. The wife always complained about the life in Britain.
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C. The couple will set up their new home in Nelson. D. Doris and Eric will go to New Zealand to hold the wedding.
57．The underlined word \"emigrant\" in Paragraph 1 probably refers to a person who___.
A. lives in a country forever B. moves from one place to settle in another C. travels around the world D. visits many places in a country 58．What makes the couple's move to New Zealand special?
A. Their age. B. The red carpet.
C. The ocean liner Saga Rose. D. Their marriage certificate. 59．The best title of the passage may be .
A. Better late than never
B. Eric and Doris King-Turner are packing their bags C. To leave or not to leave, that's the problem D. Eric, 102, leaves Britain with his wife
4.
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定) to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
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Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb./sth. to develop better and more quickly )as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
66. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ____________. A. why our personalities and behaviors differ B. what makes different stages of intelligence C. how social scientists form different theories D. what causes the “nature/ nurture” argument
67. The word “proponents” can best be replaced by __________. A. approaches
B. advocates
C. principles
D. characters
68. Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school? A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors. B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities. C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors. D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts. 69. What can we learn about the behaviorists? A. They believe human beings are mechanical. B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
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C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do. D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. 70. The “nature” theorists believe that the black’s low scores ____________. A. are the result of the educational disadvantages B. are a display of the blacks’ poor intelligence C. have nothing to do with their true intelligence
D. have nothing to do with factors other than heredity(遗传)
5.
I was in my third year of teaching creative writing at a high school in New York, when one of my students, 15-year-old Mikey, gave me a note from his mother. It explained his absence from class the day before.
I had seen Mikey himself writing the note at his desk. Most parental-excuse notes I received were penned by my students. If I were to deal with them, I’d be busy 24 hours a day.
The forged excuse notes made a large pile, with writing that ranged from imaginative to crazy. The writers of those notes didn’t realize that honest excuse notes were usually dull: “Peter was late because the alarm clock didn’t go off.”
Isn’t it remarkable, I thought, how the students complained and said it was hard putting 200 words together on any subject? But when they produced excuse notes, they were brilliant. So one day I typed out a dozen excuse notes and gave them to my classes. I said, “They’re supposed to be written by parents, but actually they are not. True, Mikey?” The students looked at me nervously.
“Now, this will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note --- the first class, ever, to practice writing them. You’re so lucky to have a teacher like me who has taken your best writing and turned it into a subject worthy of study. ”
Everyone smiled as I went on, “You used your imaginations. So try more now. Today I’d like you to write ‘An Excuse Note from Adam to God’ or ‘An Excuse Note from Eve to God’.” Heads went down. Pens raced across paper. For the first time ever I saw students so careful in their writing that they had to be asked to go to lunch by their friends.
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The next day everyone had excuse notes. Heated discussions followed. The headmaster entered the classroom and walked up and down, looking at papers, and then said, “I’d like you to see me in my office.”
When I stepped into his office, he came to shake my hand and said, “I just want to tell you that that lesson, that task, whatever the hell you were doing, was great. Those kids were writing on the college level. Thank you. ”
61. What did the author do with the students found dishonest?
A. He reported them to the headmaster. B. He lectured them hard on honesty. C. He had them take notes before lunch. D. He helped improve their writing skills.
62. The author found that compared with the true excuse notes, the produced ones by the students were usually__________.
A. less impressive B. more imaginative
C. worse written D. less convincing
63. The author had the students practice writing excuse notes so that the students could learn_________.
A. the importance of being honest C. the pleasure of creative writing
B. how to write excuse notes skillfully
D. how to be creative in writing
64. The underlined word “forged” in the second paragraph means “______”. A. former B. copied C. false D. honest 65. What did the headmaster think of the author’s way of teaching? A. Effective.
B. Difficult.
C. Misleading.
D. Reasonable.
6.
BEIJING , March 9 --- The central government will require an additional three years of use for official vehicles for ministers and governors to reduce the costs of purchasing new cars, media have reported.
The new rule has been applied among all Party and government departments nationwide, the Beijing News reported on Tuesday. The new rule has not yet been made public, said Li, a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference National Committee.
Under the old rules, the cars used by minister-level officials could be replaced as often as
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every five years, Li said. These officials will also keep the same cars when they assume new posts, he added.
The new rule also reiterated(重申) that officials ranking below minister-or-governor-levels should not be allocated cars. The cars possessed by their departments should be used on demand.
“It violates the rules for lower-ranking --- even county-level-officials to be allocated cars,” Li said.
Purchases of vehicles for official use have been heavily investigated, as they account for a large expenditure (花费) of public funds every year.
A survey on the Web news www.ifeng.com found 64 percent of respondents believed the new rule will be difficult to carry out because it is related to officials’ interests.
“Local government departments had halted(中断) approvals for requests for such vehicles and had started to work on new quotas(指标) under the new rules,” Li said. “The future reform of official vehicle use will introduce market mechanisms and monetization.”
Premier Wen Jiabao said in the annual government work report on Saturday that expenditures on such vehicles will not increase in 2011 compared with a year ago.
Beijing’s standing deputy mayor Ji Lin last week said the municipal (市政的) government will release the number of vehicles for official use in the capital as early as at the end of this month. Earlier this month, the Minister of Finance had published a rule regulating the budgets for such vehicles.
56. What is the purpose of the new rule allocating vehicles among officials? A. To promote a low-carbon lifestyle.
B. To cut down the present huge expenditures of purchasing cars. C. To make good use of budgets for official cars. D. To solve the problem of severe traffic jam.
57. How often could the cars used by minister-level officials be replaced according to the new rule?
A. Every 3 years. B. Every 5 years. C. Every 8 years. D. Every 10 years. 58. What about the officials ranking below minister-or-governor levels in terms of official vehicles?
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A. They can still possess special cars. B. They can use their own private cars.
C. They can use cars whenever officially necessary. D. They can be allocated second-hand cars.
59. What is the public’s attitude toward the new rule’s fulfillment? A. Uncertain.
B. Optimistic. C. Indifferent. D. Passive
60. From the passage, we can infer that_________.
A. the government is determined to carry out the new rule B. the new rule has not yet been made public C. the new rule will benefit official’s interest D. the new rule is applied to minister-level officials
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试卷答案
1.CBDA
2.ACDC
3.CBAD
4.66. 答案A。主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段开始从两个方面解释
该问题，末段是总结段，由此看来，首段首句和末段首句提到的human behavior 是本文的中心内容，因此答案为A。虽然文章首段第2句就提到intelligent一词，但该句的intelligent，cooperative，competitive等都只是举例说明首句有关personalities和behaviors的问题，由此可见，选项B并非本文主旨；作者提到两种理论是为了解释性格和行为形成的原因，并非讨论这两种理论形成的原因，因此C、D两项均不正确。
67. 答案B。 猜词题。根据文章内容，我们可以判断proponent应指人，指这两种理论的支持者，只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推测，故选B。
68. 答案A。 细节理解题。 第3段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的governed by our instincts 都表明“天性论”派会认同A的看法，故选A。
69. 答案C。 细节理解题。本题实际上考查第4段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的like machines，humans respond……表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器，而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应作对比，由此可见，C为正确的理解。
70. 答案D。细节推理题。 将D选项与第3段结合起来，可以确定D为本题答案，只有D才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。
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5.61. 答案D。 细节理解题。 根据第四段第二句“So one day I typed out a dozen excuse notes
and gave them to my classes.”和第五段首句“ Now, this will be the first class to study the art of the excuse note --- the first class, ever, to practice writing them.”可知，作者这样做的目的是要帮助学生提高写作水平。故D为正确答案。
62. 答案B。 推理判断题。从第三段 “But when they produced excuse notes, they were brilliant.”可知答案。
63. 答案D。 细节理解题。 文中的第一段提到了作者在一所高中教creative writing 和后面第八段中提到的“You used your imaginations. So try more now. ”可知答案。
64. 答案C。猜词题。 根据上文所提到的Most parental-excuse notes I received were penned by my students.可知大多数学生假冒家长伪造假条，所以作者手里有了一大堆伪造的假条。 65. 答案A。推理判断题。 通过最后一段首句“I just want to…whatever the hell you were doing, was great. Those kids were writing on the college level. ”可知，校长认为作者教的这堂课很棒，学生们的作文都达到了大学水平，由此可知他认为作者教学方法很有效。故A为正确答案。
6.本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了中国政府的公车改革情况。
56. 答案B。主旨大意题。由第一段的内容可以得出答案。 57. 答案C。细节理解题。由第一段和第三段的内容可以得出答案。
58. 答案C。细节理解题。从第四段我们可以看出只有在政府的要求之内才可以使用公车。 59. 答案A。细节理解题。由第七段中的网络上的调查问卷可以看出公众对此持怀疑态度。 60. 答案A。推理判断题。由最后一段可以推断出答案。
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