Unit 8 Adventure
Section Ⅵ Language Points(Ⅲ)(Lesson 4，Communication Workshop，Culture Corner
&Bulletin Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出下列单词
1．How are you getting on with your preparation(准备)? 2．I must say that rather shocked(使震惊) me，too.
3．They were not the only ones to have brains and ambitions(志向)． 4．We would like to thank them for their patience(耐心) and understanding. 5．If cancers are found early there's a high chance of survival(幸存)． 6．If not handled properly，the situation will become even more hopeless． 7．He was a cheerful and uncomplaining travel companion. 8．The school is three miles distant from the station.
9．The main function of the merchant banks is to raise capital for industry. 10．She lives in France but has British nationality． Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．prepare vt.预备，准备→preparation n．准备，预备
2．shock n．震惊，惊骇→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.使人震惊的；骇人的 3．ambition n．志向，抱负→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有抱负的；野心勃勃的 4．hope vt.希望；期望 n．希望→hopeful adj.有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的 5．distant adj.远处的；久远的→distance n．距离；远处 6．patient adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的→patience n．耐心；忍耐力
7．survive vt.幸免于难；存活 vi.活着；继续存在→survivor n．幸存者→survival n．幸存，残存
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语 1．on one's way 2．run out of
在途中 用完，耗尽
3．have difficulty(in) doing sth. 在……上有困难 4．carry on 5．in the way
继续做某事 挡道
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6．make preparations for 7．break down 8．be home to 9．be associate with 10．be attached to 11．in the distance 12．in particular Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
为……做准备 损坏，不能运转 是……的产地/栖息地 和……有关，与……有瓜葛 连在……上 在远方 尤其，特别
1．We knew we were up a tree when we ran out of gas in the desert.
2．He got it on the cheap.It is not surprising that it broke down only a week later.
3．Every day she passed the church on her way to the Health Centre.
4．You'll be able to read well with a dictionary and carry on simple conversations. 5．I should start to make preparations for the party because time is pressing at present.
6．The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance． [寻规律、巧记忆]
n.＋less.→adj. aimless 无目的的 breathless 透不过来气的 careless 粗心的 v.＋on →动词短语 count on 指望 concentrate on 聚精会神 act on 照……行事
1．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。 [记句式结构]then引导倒装句
[仿写促落实]我们渴望的时刻终于到了。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
2．He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. 他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的队员都配有滑雪板。 [记句式结构]have...doing... [仿写促落实]李林，别让狗狂吠不停。 Don't have the dog barking much，Li Lin.
3．Captain Scott and his team members reached the Pole，but with little to celebrate.
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斯科特上校和他的队友们登上了南极，但却没有什么可庆祝的。 [记句式结构]with复合结构
[仿写促落实]由于有很重要的事情和你商量，你必须留下。
With something important to talk about with you，you must stay here.
on one's way 在途中
(教材P28)On his way，he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen...
在途中，他收到一条来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息…… all the way 一路上 by the way 顺便说 by way of 路经，途经 in the way 阻碍 in a way 在某种程度上 in no way 决不 ①I put her downstairs so that she shouldn't be in the way.我让她住在楼下免得碍事。
②They are travelling to France by way of London. 他们经伦敦去法国旅行。 ③In no way will I give in. 我决不投降。 [名师点津]
(1)in no way “决不”，表示否定意义，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。 (2)on one's way to中的介词to，后跟副词时应省略。 preparation n．准备，预备；配制品
(教材P28)．..both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
……两队人都建立了食物基地，为他们下一年的旅程做准备。 (1)in preparation for 为……做准备 make preparations for 为……做准备 be in preparation 在准备中 (2)prepare v. 准备 prepare for sth. 为……做准备(强调动作)
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be prepared for sth. 为……做好准备(强调状态) prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 ①Tom is studying in preparation for the next examination. ＝Tom is making preparations(prepare) for the next examination. 汤姆正在学习，为下次考试做准备。
②I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her.
我马上去给她拿了些药然后为她做了些面条。 [名师点津]
(1)prepare意为“准备”，其宾语为要准备的内容。
(2)prepare for意为“为……做准备”，for的宾语一般只是谓语动作所要达到的目的。 shock vt.震惊；惊骇 n．震惊
(教材P28)They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. 当看到挪威国旗时，他们感到震惊。 (1)to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 It shocks sb.to do sth. 令某人害怕/震惊的是…… (2)shocked adj. 震惊的 be shocked at 对……震惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 ①I was shocked at her smoking. ＝I was shocked to see(see) her smoking. 看到她在吸烟，我很震惊。
②To my shock，such an attack could happen in this school. 令我震惊的是，这样的袭击事件竟会发生在这所学校。
③Hearing the shocking(shock) news，I was shocked(shock)． 听了那让人震惊的新闻我惊呆了。
run out(of sth.) 完成，用完；(指物)被用完，被耗尽
(教材P28)The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food. 队员们很快就筋疲力竭了，食品也快吃完了。 run into 碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到 run over (车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；浏览 run after 追逐；追求 run across 无意间碰到
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①We went too fast round the corner and ran into a lamp post.我们拐弯的时候太快了，撞在了路灯柱上。
②He was run over and killed by a bus. 他被公共汽车轧死了。
③The dog was running after a rabbit. 狗在追一只兔子。
[名师点津] “用完”的不同
run out of “用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，可用于被动语态；run out “用完”(＝become used up)，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词，不能用于被动语态；use up “用完”，是及物动词短语，主语一般是人。
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
(教材P28)The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. 接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行动艰难。
have some/much/great/little/no difficulty(in)doing/with sth. ＝there's some/much/great/little/no difficulty(in)doing/with sth. 做某事有一些/许多/很大/一点/没有困难 have a problem(in)doing sth. 做某事有问题 have a difficult time(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难 have fun(in)doing sth. 做某事很有趣；从做某事中获得乐趣 ①Whenever we have difficulty with our studies，our teachers help us patiently. 无论何时我们学习上有困难，老师都会耐心帮助我们。
②Though I've learnt English for several years，I have some trouble/difficulty/problems in communicating(communicate) with foreigners.
尽管我已学习几年英语了，我与外国人交流还是有些困难。 carry on 继续做某事
(教材P28)Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.
斯科特上校和两名同伴继续向前，到达距离食品储存处不足11英里的地方。
with sth.（＝go on with sth.）carry on继续做某事 doing sth.（＝go on doing sth.）carry away 拿走 carry out 进行(实验)，实施(计划)，履行(义务、约定) carry sb.through 帮助某人渡过难关 ①Carry on with your work while I'm out. 我出去一下，你接着干吧。
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②Whatever difficulty you will meet with，carry out your plan. 不管你遇到什么困难都要执行计划。
③Their faith and courage carried them through． 他们的信心和勇气使他们渡过了难关。
(教材P29)patience n．[U] 忍耐力，耐心；坚忍，坚持，毅力 (1)be out of patience with 对……再也不能忍耐 have no patience with 不能容忍…… with patience 耐心地 lose patience with 对……失去耐心 (2)be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth. 忍耐某事 ①She is very patient with young children. 她对幼儿很有耐心。
②He doesn't have the patience(patient) to sit reading every day.他没有耐心整天坐着看书。
[图形助记]
patient的一词多义
aim n．目标；目的 v．瞄准，对准；力求达到，力争做到；目的是，旨在 (教材P29)Aims of exploration： 探索的目标：
(1)with the aim of... 有……的目的 take aim at 瞄准 without aim 漫无目的地 (2)aim at doing... 力求达到……；力争做到…… aim at/for... 努力取得…… aim to do... 力争做到…… be aimed at 目的是，旨在 ①She went to London with the aim of finding a job. 她去伦敦是为了找工作。
②The programme is aimed at teenage audience. 这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。
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[图形助记]
瞄准目标学aim
observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝
(教材P30)Airconditioned vehicles for observing animals. 带有空调装置、用于观察动物的车。 (1)observe that... 看到…… observe sb.do sth. 看到某人做某事 observe sb.doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 (2)observation n. 注意，观察 ①The policeman observed the man enter the bank. ＝The man was observed to enter (enter) the bank by the policeman. 警察注意到那个人进了银行。
②Most information was collected by direct observation(observe) of the animals' behaviour.
大部分信息都是通过直接观察动物的行为收集到的。 [名师点津]
observe用于被动时，作主语补足语的不定式须带to。 disadvantage n. 不利，不利条件 (教材P30)Disadvantages of US trip 在美国旅行的不利因素
at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 to one's disadvantage 对……不利 advantages and disadvantages 优缺点；利与弊 advantage n. 有利条件，有利因素，优势，优点 have an advantage of 比(某人)强；胜过；优于 take advantage of 利用(机会等) at an advantage 处于有利地位 ①The present situation is to our advantage and we should take full advantage of it.
目前的形势对我们有利，我们应充分利用。
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②He has an advantage of me in chemistry，but I gain an advantage over him in physics.
他的化学学得比我好，但我的物理比他好。 limit n．边界；限度 vt.限制，限定
(教材P117)．..but the limits are in us，not outside us.……但限制是在我们内部，不在我们外部。
(1)beyond the limit 超过限度 within limits 在一定范围内 set a limit to 设定……的限度 (2)limit...to... 把……限定在……内 (3)limited adj. 有限的 be limited to 被限制到 ①I'm willing to help within limits. 我愿意有限度地帮助你。
②Try to limit your talk to ten minutes. 请尽量把话在10分钟内说完。
(教材P28)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。
【要点提炼】 这是一个倒装句，主语是the total darkness of the polar winter，谓语动词为came。倒装的原因是句子的主语太长，为了保持句子平衡而把谓语动词came直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装。
使用完全倒装句的几种情况： (1)在以here，there，then，now，out，in，up，down，away，ahead等副词开头的句子中，常使用完全倒装。但是如果句子的主语是代词，则句子不倒装。 (2)表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长又无宾语时，一般要倒装。 (3)为了平衡句子的结构，特别是当主语带有较长的修饰语，谓语部分较短时，更需要倒装。 (4)such置于句首时，such 多被认为是表语。 ①Under that tree sits(sit) a beautiful girl. 那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。
②Present at the conference were(be) experts from all over the world. 出席会议的是来自世界各地的专家。
③Such are the facts，no one can deny them. 这就是事实，没有人能否定它们。
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(教材P28)He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，所有的队员都配有滑雪板。
【要点提炼】 句中had teams of dogs pulling是“have＋sb./sth.＋doing”结构。 have sb./sth.doing 现在分词表示进行和持续，宾语是动作的执行者。 have sb./sth.do 动词原形表示动作未完成，宾语是动作的执行者。 have sb./sth.done 过去分词表示已经完成，宾语是动作的承受者。 ①He had his son clean the car. 他让他的儿子擦车。
②My mum has me reading(read) the poem. 我妈妈让我一直读那首诗。
③We had the machine repaired(repair)． 我们请人修理了机器。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When I went in the office，I found my English teacher is busy preparing(prepare) his lessons.
2．We can't have that sort of thing happening(happen) again.
3．When his father knew that his son had made the same mistake，his patience(patient) ran out.
4．The spider web is only attached(attach) to the leaf by one thread. 5．My energy has run(run) out，so I feel very tired.
6．No matter what happens，we should carry on with our research.We should not back out.
7．If Jimmy carries on working like this，he will break down sooner or later. 8．When the news came out，everyone was shocked(shock)．
9．The patient is seriously ill and is being kept under continuous observation(observe)．
10．One of the main disadvantages(advantage)of this system is that it uses very
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large amounts of fuel.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．On the way to home，his anger slowly cooled.去掉to
2．We were given two days to prepare the examination.prepare后加for 3．With an even more surprised and shocking look，he asked for the reason.shocking→shocked
4．You'd better go home before your money runs out of.去掉of
5．The application must be usable by the elderly and others who have difficulty read small text.read→reading
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I won't have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。
2．Down jumped the man from the horse. 那人从马上跳下来。
3．They managed to carry on their experiments in spite of the difficulties. 虽有困难，他们还是设法使试验继续下去。 4．We ran out of coal，and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。
5．They placed the child in an oxygen tent when he had difficulty in breathing． 那孩子呼吸困难时，他们把他放进氧幕里。
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