浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试
专业英语试题
课程代码：00196
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
I. Choose the best answer for each blank(10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. A retail travel agent is a commissioned ________ who serves as a sales outlet. A. party C. intermediary
B. organization D. player
2. A manager should realize the ________ between the current state and a desired state. A. discrepancy C. reliability
B. similarity D. comparison
3. Traditionally, the hotel industry has looked at ________ as a measure of success. A. occupancy C. total income
B. profit
D. number of employees
4. The _______ approach emphasized the perspective of senior managers with the organization. A. systematic management C. quantitative management
B. scientific management D. administrative management
5. Executive Support Systems (ESS) are graphics-oriented systems designed for ________ management and are used for long-term planning. A. high C. temporary
B. advancing D. senior
6. Planning is analyzing a situation, determining the goals that will be ________ in the future. A. decided C. pursued
B. set D. made
7. Crafting and implementing strategy are ________ management functions. A. realistic C. ideal
B. potential D. core
8. Tactical managers are responsible for translating general goals into more ______ objectives and activities.
1
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
A. specific C. general
B. essential D. valuable
9. The prime task in motivating ________ tourist visitors is ensuring that leaflets and posters are available at tourist centers. A. prospective C. particular
B. past D. usual
10. Some evidence ________ to estimates of the competence and integrity of the researcher may be found in the report itself. A. close C. efficient
B. pertinent D. strange
II. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） According to expectancy theory, the employee’s work 11 lead to some level of performance. Then performance 12 in one or more outcomes for the employee. Employees develop two important beliefs 13 these three events. The first belief, expectancy, is employees’ perceived likelihood that their efforts will enable them to successfully attain their performance goals. Expectancy can be high (up to 100%), and can also be low (down to a 0% likelihood). All else equal, high expectancies 14 higher motivation than do low expectancies. Expectancies can 15 among individuals, even in the same situation. For example, a sales manager might initiate a 16 in which the top salesperson wins a free trip to Hawaii. In such cases, the few top people, who have performed well in the past, will be more 17 by the contest than will all the historically average and below-average performers. The top people will have higher expectancies－ 18 beliefs that their efforts can help them turn in the top performance. As people 19 the outcomes or consequences of their actions, they develop beliefs about how just or fair those outcomes are. Basically they assess how hard they work and how fairly the organization 20 them. 11. A. spirits 12. A. takes
B. efforts B. leads
C. goals C. results
D. plans D. causes D. focusing D. affect
13. A. linking 14. A. create
B. connecting B. involve
C. centering C. take
2
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
15. A. set 16. A. race
B. distribute B. competition B. proposed B. stronger B. regard B. reward
C. spread C. game
D. vary D. project D. promoted D. lower D. realize D. treats
17. A. advised 18. A. heavier 19. A. think 20. A. consider
C. motivated C. bigger
C. appreciate C. return
III. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) 阅读下列短文，根据短文，在每个问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
Passage One
Being a skilled communicator is essential to being a good manager and team leader. Information flow generally occurs in three directions: downward, upward, and horizontal.
Downward communication refers to the flow of information from higher to lower levels in the organization’s hierarchy. Examples include a manager giving an assignment to a secretary, a supervisor making an announcement to his subordinates, and a company president delivering a talk to his management team. Five types of information are sent downward through formal channels. Instructions about what subordinates are expected to do and how they are to do it; the rationale for, or explanation of, the job’s purpose and its relationships to other jobs and the organization’s overall purpose; the organization’s goals and ideology to inspire a sense of mission, motivation, and moral; the company’s policies and procedures; and feedback to subordinates about their job performance.
Upward communication travels from lower to higher ranks in the hierarchy. Upward communication is important for several reasons. First, management gains a more accurate picture of subordinates’ work, accomplishments, problems, plans, and attitudes. Management also gains subordinates’ ideas. Second, employees can relieve some of their frustrations, achieve a stronger sense of participation in the enterprise, and improve morale. Third, effective upward communication facilitates downward communication, as good listening becomes a two-way street.
Much information needs to be shared among people in the same hierarchical level. Such horizontal communication can take place among employees in the same work group or between people in different departments. Horizontal communication has several important functions. First,
3
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
it allows sharing of information, coordination, and problem solving among departments. Second, it helps solve conflicts. Third, by allowing interaction among peers, it provides social and emotional support to employees.
21. Information flow generally occurs in three directions, which are the following except _____. A. from superiors to inferiors C. between government and labor
B. from lower ranks to higher ranks D. among peers
22. Inter-departmental communication helps the following except ________. A. information sharing C. inter-functional interaction
B. problem solving D. moral boost
23. The word “hierarchy” in the first sentence of the 3rd paragraph has the closest meaning of ________.
A. graded positions C. workshop arrangements
B. occupation divisions D. event sequence
24. For efficient downward communication, managers should provide ________ information to their subordinates. A. all C. certain
B. relevant D. insufficient
25. The word “facilitates” in the last sentence of the 3rd paragraph means ________. A. stops C. urges
B. delays D. smoothes Passage Two
Although we may be convinced of the importance of international finance, we still have to ask ourselves, what’s special about international finance? Put another way, how is international finance different from purely domestic finance (if such a thing exists)? Three major dimensions set international finance apart from domestic finance. They are:
1) Foreign exchange and political risks. 2) Market imperfections. 3) Expanded opportunity set.
As we will see, these major dimensions of international finance largely stem from the fact that sovereign nations have the right and power to issue currencies, formulate their own economic
4
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
policies, impose taxes, and regulate movements of people, goods, and capital across their borders. Suppose Mexico is a major export market for your company and the Mexican peso depreciates drastically against the U.S. dollar, as it did in December 1994. This means that your company’s products can be priced out of the Mexican market, as the peso price of American imports will rise following the peso’s fall. This example suggests that when firms and individuals are engaged in cross-border transactions, they are potentially exposed to foreign exchange risk that they would not normally encounter in purely domestic transactions.
Another risk that firms and individuals may encounter in an international setting is political risk. Political risk ranges from unexpected changes in tax rules to outright expropriation of assets held by foreigners. Political risk arises from the fact that a sovereign country can change the “rules of the game” and the affected parties may not have effective recourse. In 1992, for example, the Enron Development Corporation, a subsidiary of a Houston-based energy company, signed a contract to build India’s largest power plant. After Enron had spent nearly ＄300 million, the project was canceled in 1995 by nationalist politicians in the Maharashitra state who argued India did not need the power plant. The Enron episode illustrates the difficulty of enforcing contracts in foreign countries.
26. This passage mainly tells about ________. A. foreign exchange and political risks B. market imperfection C. political risks
D. expanded opportunity set
27. Sovereign nations do not have the right or power to ________. A. impose taxes
B. formulate their own economic policies C. issue foreign currencies
D. regulate movements of capital across their borders
28. In the first example, when Mexican peso depreciates drastically against the U.S. dollar, an American company will ________. A. enlarge its Mexican market
B. find it easier for its products to enter Mexican market
5
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
C. be forced to reduce production D. find itself losing Mexican market
29.The phrase “expropriation of assets” in the 2nd sentence of the last paragraph means that the assets are ________. A. taken over by a new owner C. privatized
B. globalized D. destroyed
30. In 1995, India’s largest power plant was canceled by ________. A. a Houston-based energy company
B. nationalist politicians in the Maharashitra state of India C. the shareholders of that project D. the Enron Development Corporation
Passage Three
In many ways, the back of the house is like a factory. Some factories are assembly plants, while others manufacture goods from raw materials. A similar distinction can be made regarding restaurants. Some are really an “assembly operation”, where food is simply finished and plated by kitchen staff. This is true of operations that use a lot of prepared foods such as portioned steaks or a sandwich operation such as a QSR. In others, the product is actually “manufactured” on premise or, as we more commonly say, cooked from scratch.
The principal responsibility of the back of the house is the quality of food the guest is served. That is a matter not only of food taste but also food safety and sanitation. Sanitation, then, is also an extremely important responsibility. Finally, cost control with respect to food, labor, and supplies are make-or-break responsibilities for the back of the house. Because prompt, timely service is dependent on being able to get the food out of kitchen on time, the kitchen has a major responsibility in service.
Food production stands out as the predominant work done in the back of the house. Controlling quality and the cost are usually parallel activities. In other words, standardized recipes and carefully thought-out procedures, used consistently, will produce food that has the correct ingredients; that ensures both quality and cost if properly planned. An important dimension of cost control is portion control. Portions should be the same for a guest at every visit — and should be the same for every guest.
6
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
31. The word “distinction” in the 3rd sentence of the first paragraph has the closest meaning of ________. A. conclusion C. reference
B. distinguishing D. solution
32. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the back of the house? A. Food quality. C. Cost control.
B. Food safety. D. Staff training.
33. What’s the relationship between food quality and cost control? A. Food quality is more important than cost control. B. Cost control is more important than food quality.
C. They are of the same importance and should be done at the same time. D. Raising food quality can reduce the food cost.
34. Which of the following is an effective way to control the cost? A. To control food taste. C. To control food sanitation.
B. To control food safety. D. To control food portion.
35. Which of the following people do not work at the back of the house in a restaurant? A. Cashiers. C. Dish-washers.
B. Chefs and cooks. D. Cleanup workers.
IV. Word Spelling(20 points, 1 point for each item) 请将完整的单词写出。作为提示，每个单词的意义、词类及首字母均已给出（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20 分） 1. insufficiency of amount or supply; shortage (n.) s ________ 2. a field, sphere, or province (n.) r ________ 3. very complex or complicated (adj.) s ________ 4. joined together (adj.) i ________ 5. to illustrate by example (v.) e ________ 6. signs considered as a group (n.) s ________ 7. likely to become or be (adj.) p ________
8. to determine the value of; appraise (vt.) a ________ 9. strong attractiveness or appeal (n.) i ________ 10. to prescribe with authority; impose (v.) d ________
7
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………
11. a distinguishing feature, as of a person’s character (n.) t ________ 12. to depart, as from a norm, a purpose; stray (v.) d ________ 13. most favorable or desirable(adj.) o ________ 14. a sum of money paid as bail or surety (n.) b ________
15. influencing or applying to a period prior to enactment (adj.) r ________ 16. to attract by arousing hope or desire; lure (vt.) e ________ 17. to assist with a reminder; remind (vt.) p ________
18. a man who does odd jobs or various small tasks (n.) h ________ 19. to make as perfect or effective as possible (vt.) o ________ 20. easily influenced or affected (adj.) s ________
V. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成英语（本大题共5小题，每小题3 分，共15 分） 1. 世界金融市场很不完善。 2. 好的员工往往对公司作积极评价。 3. 员工的社会需要比经济需要更重要。 4. 每种交流方式都有优点和缺点。 5. 商务研究帮助管理者做出更好决策。
VI. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points, 3 points for each item) 将下列各句译成汉语。（本大题共5小题，每小题3 分，共15分）
1. Advertising is a productive promotional tool in tourism marketing. 2. A leader must stay abreast of environmental changes. 3. The restaurant business depends heavily on tourists for sales. 4. Travel agencies are not high-profit business. 5. Tourism marketing skills influence tourists’ demand.
8
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容